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Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Psychology

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Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Psychology

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  1. The Happy Marriage ofGeographic Information Systems and Information VisualizationBen Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.eduFounding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction LabProfessor, Department of Computer ScienceMember, Institutes for Advanced Computer Studies &Systems ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege Park, MD 20742

  2. Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Psychology - Information Studies & Education (www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)

  3. Scientific Approach(beyond user friendly) • Specify users and tasks • Predict and measure • time to learn • speed of performance • rate of human errors • human retention over time • Assess subjective satisfaction(Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction) • Accommodate individual differences • Consider social, organizational & cultural context

  4. Design Issues • Input devices & strategies • Keyboards, pointing devices, voice • Direct manipulation • Menus, forms, commands • Output devices & formats • Screens, windows, color, sound • Text, tables, graphics • Instructions, messages, help • Collaboration & communities • Manuals, tutorials, training www.awl.com/DTUI

  5. U.S. Library of Congress • Scholars, Journalists, Citizens • Teachers, Students

  6. Visible Human Explorer (NLM) • Doctors • Surgeons • Researchers • Students

  7. NASA Environmental Data • Scientists • Farmers • Land planners • Students

  8. Bureau of the Census • Economists, Policy makers, Journalists • Teachers, Students

  9. NSF Digital Government Initiative • Find what you need • Understand what you Find Census, NCHS, BLS, EIA, NASS, SSA www.ils.unc.edu/govstat/

  10. International Children’s Digital Libary www.icdlbooks.org

  11. Zooming User Interfaces www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/datelens www.cs.umd.edu/jazz

  12. ZUI: Pocket PhotoMesa www.windsorinterfaces.com

  13. PhotoMesa www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/photomesa

  14. ESKOM Disaster Management Unit Weather Service Forest Department South Africa’s Fire Early Warning System End users Advanced Fire Information System (AFIS) wamis.co.za Direct Broadcast Receiving Station Satellite Application Centre (SAC) South Africa E-mailAlerts Rapid Response System SMS/Text messages University of Maryland Web Fire Mapper maps.geog.umd.edu Diane Davies & Suresh Kumar, UMD - GEOG

  15. Advanced Fire Information System (AFIS) • MODIS Image • Fire Archive • Distance Calculator • Identify layer attributes • Print maps • Scale • Pan and Zoom • Overview Maps • Slimmed down for • dialup

  16. Information Visualization The eye… the window of the soul, is the principal means by which the central sense can most completely and abundantly appreciate the infinite works of nature. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519)

  17. Using Vision to Think • Visual bandwidth is enormous • Human perceptual skills are remarkable • Trend, cluster, gap, outlier... • Color, size, shape, proximity... • Human image storage is fast and vast • Opportunities • Spatial layouts & coordination • Information visualization • Scientific visualization & simulation • Telepresence & augmented reality • Virtual environments

  18. Information Visualization: Definition Compact graphical presentation AND user interface for manipulating large numbers of items (102 - 106), possibly extracted from far larger datasets. Enables users to make discoveries, decisions, or explanations about patterns (trend, cluster, gap, outlier...), groups of items, or individual items.

  19. Information Visualization: US Research Centers • Xerox PARC • 3-D cone trees, perspective wall, spiral calendar • table lens, hyperbolic trees, document lens • Univ. of Maryland • dynamic queries, range sliders, starfields, treemaps, timeboxes, zoombars • tight coupling, dynamic pruning, lifelines • IBM, Microsoft, AT&T • Georgia Tech, MIT Media Lab, CMU • Univ. of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Calif-Berkeley • Pacific Northwest National Labs

  20. Highway Incidents on Baltimore Beltway (Fredikson, Plaisant, North & Shneiderman, 1999)

  21. Large Shared Displays

  22. Information Visualization: Design Guidelines Direct manipulation strategies • Visual presentation of query components • Visual presentation of results • Rapid, incremental and reversible actions • Selection by pointing (not typing) • Immediate and continuous feedback • Reduces errors • Encourages exploration

  23. www.mayaviz.com

  24. Visualization Toolkits www.ilog.com

  25. Information Visualization: Mantra • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand • Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand

  26. Information Visualization: Data Types • 1-D Linear Document Lens, SeeSoft, Info Mural, Value Bars • 2-D Map GIS, ArcView, PageMaker, Medical imagery • 3-D World CAD, Medical, Molecules, Architecture • Multi-Dim Parallel Coordinates, Spotfire, XGobi, Visage, Influence Explorer, TableLens, DEVise • Temporal Perspective Wall, LifeLines, Lifestreams, Project Managers, DataSpiral • Tree Cone/Cam/Hyperbolic, TreeBrowser, Treemap • Network Netmap, netViz, SeeNet, Butterfly, Multi-trees (Online Library of Information Visualization Environments) otal.umd.edu/Olive

  27. Interactive Maps

  28. Micromaps Dan Carr, Susan Peirson, Statistical Computing &Statistical Graphics Newsletter (Dec. 96)

  29. Ymap: Dynamic Queries on Maps

  30. DataMap: (Qing Li and Chris North) Virginia Tech

  31. Dynamic Choropleth Maps - DCMaps William Smith (EPA) http://www.turboperl.com/dcmaps.html

  32. Conditioned Choropleth Maps http://www.geovista.psu.edu/grants/dg-qg/feature_old2.htm

  33. GeoVistawww.geovistastudio.psu.edu (Gahegan & MacEachren)

  34. CommonGISwww.commongis.com (Andrienko, G. and N.)

  35. Treemap: view large trees with node values • Space filling • Space limited • Color coding • Size coding • Requires learning TreeViz (Mac, Johnson, 1992) NBA-Tree(Sun, Turo, 1993) Winsurfer (Teittinen, 1996) Diskmapper (Windows, Micrologic) Treemap3 (Windows, UMd, 2001) (Shneiderman, ACM Trans. on Graphics, 1992)

  36. Treemap: Stock market, clustered by industry

  37. Treemap: Newsmap www.hivegroup.com

  38. Treemap: Product catalogs www.hivegroup.com

  39. Treemap: Daily Production Reports 691 wells grouped by Asset team. Size = barrels of oil produced per day Color = “lost” oil (difference between actual and expected)

  40. PairTrees: Treemap and Choropleth Map US Death rates by disease and state (Mockup)

  41. Hierarchical Clustering Explorer www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/hce/

  42. Information Visualization: Tasks • Overview Gain an overview of the entire collection • Zoom Zoom in on items of interest • FilterFilter out uninteresting items • Details-on-demandSelect an item or group and get details when needed • RelateView relationships among items • HistoryKeep a history of actions to support undo, replay, and progressive refinement • ExtractAllow extraction of sub-collections and of the query parameters

  43. Challenges: GIS & InfoViz • Dealing with large volume of data • Also problem of missing data, uncertainty • Combining visual with textual representations • Collaborative exploration • Environments for publishing results, sharing knowledge • Large shared displays • Integrating with data mining • Specialized toolkits and development tools • Addressing Universal Usability • Evaluation: Empirical studies, observations, case studies

  44. AudioMap: Sonification • Motivation: improve vision-impaired users’ access to geo-referenced statistical data • Approach: interactive sonification • Tie spatial sound to areas to create a virtual map • Data-to-sound mapping: Piano pitch -> value. • Interactions for auditory information seeking • Gist (overview): spatial sweeping • Navigation: state-by-state exploration • Details-on-demand: name & value spoken on request • Pilot user study (9 sighted users) • Controlled study (48 sighted users) • Participant observation (2 blind users)

  45. Challenges: Make a Better World • Science & Medicine • E-Commerce & Finance • Digital Government • Agriculture & Environment • Transportation & Housing

  46. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Inspirational Muse For the New Computing MIT Press, 2003

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