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SKELETAL SYSTEM

SKELETAL SYSTEM. FUN FACTS ABOUT BONES. Bone is made of the same type of minerals as limestone. Babies are born with 300 bones, but by adulthood we have only 206 in our bodies. The giraffe has the same number of bones in its neck as a human: seven in total.

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SKELETAL SYSTEM

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  1. SKELETAL SYSTEM

  2. FUN FACTS ABOUT BONES Bone is made of the same type of minerals as limestone. Babies are born with 300 bones, but by adulthood we have only 206 in our bodies. The giraffe has the same number of bones in its neck as a human: seven in total. The long horned ram can take a head butt at 25 mph. The human skull will fracture at 5mph.

  3. Collagen • Osteoblasts • Osteocytes • Osteoclasts • Compact bone • Lamellae • Lacunae • Canaliculi • Spongy bone • Long bones • Short bones • Flat bones • Irregular bones • Sesamoid bones • Diaphysis • Epiphysis • Ossification • Fissure • Sulcus • Axial Skeleton • Appendicular Skeleton Vocabulary

  4. Bones are made of OSSEOUS TISSUE Support and Protection Body movement Blood cell formation (bone marrow) - hematopoeisis Storage of inorganic materials                    (salt, calcium, potassium….) Functions of the Skeletal System

  5. About 206 bones 2 Main Divisions Axial Appendicular ORGANIZATION

  6. Head, neck, trunk Skull Hyoid Bone Vertebral Column Thoracic Cage (ribs, 12 pairs) Sternum Axial Skeleton

  7. Hyoid Bone

  8. Limbs & Bones that connect to the • Pectoral Girdle (shoulders) • Pelvic Girdle (hips) Appendicular Skeleton

  9. Epiphysis • Diaphysis • Articular Cartilage • Periosteum BONE STRUCTURE - Long Bone

  10. Medullary Cavity – hollow chamber filled with bone marrow Red Marrow (blood) Yellow Marrow (fat) Endosteum – lining of the medullary Inside the Long Bone

  11. Compact (wall of the diaphysis) Spongy (cancellous, epiphysis) Types of Bone Tissue

  12. Structure of a Long Bone Figure 6.3a-c

  13. * Assignment – Coloring of a Long Bone

  14. Review the Structure of a Long Bone Matching quiz at http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/holehaap/student/olc2/chap07matching01.html

  15. MATRIX - where the bone cells live OSTEOCYTES  - mature bone cells, enclosed in tiny chambers called LACUNAE OSTEOCYTES form rings (LAMELLAE) around a HAVERSIAN CANAL which houses blood vessels Osteocytes are linked by CANALICULI Haversian Canals are linked by VOLKMAN's CANALS Microscopic Structure

  16. Compact Bone BONE COLORING!

  17. Test Yourself Spongy Bone Find the… Haversian Canal Osteocyte Haversian System Volkman's Canal Lamellae Spongy Bone Compact Bone Osteocyte Volkman'sCanal Haversian Canal Compact Bone Haversian System Lamellae

  18. BONE DEVELOPMENT & GROWTH • Intramembranous bones – flat, skull •  Endochondral bones – all other • ALL BONES START AS HYALINE CARTILAGE, areas graduallly turn to bone • PRIMARY OSSIFICATION CENTER (shaft) • SECONDARY OSSIFICATION CENTER (ends)

  19. EPIPHYSEAL DISK  (growth plate) is a band of cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis These areas increase bone length as the cells ossify Cartilage becomes OSTEOBLASTS become OSTEOCYTES Bone Development & Growth

  20. OSTEOCLASTS - dissolve bone tissue to release minerals,  process is called RESORPTION RESORPTION

  21. Bone Growth

  22. Bone Growth * Assignment - Coloring of the Aging Hand

  23. Synarthrotic (not moveable, aka sutures) • Amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable, vertebrae) • Diarthrotic (moveable joint, aka synovial joints) Types of Joints (articulations)

  24. Synovial fluid - fluid within the joints that helps to lubricate Types of Joints 1.  Ball and Socket 2.  Hinge 3.  Pivot 4.  Saddle

  25. 1. Frontal -2. Parietal - 3. Occipital -4. Temporal - 5. Sphenoid - 6. Maxilla - 7. Mandible - 8. Zygomatic - BONES OF THE SKULL

  26. Foramen - refers to any tiny opening, nerves and blood vessels leave this opening to supply the face TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SKULL Mental Foramen

  27. Suture - refers to any connection between large bones (in fetal skulls, these are called fontanels) Fissure - any wide gap between bones

  28. 1. Coronal - between frontal and parietal bones2. Lambdoidal - between occipital and parietal bones3. Squamosal - between temporal and parietal bones4. Sagittal - between parietal bones Types of Sutures

  29. Bones of the Skull & Sutures

  30. Foramen Magnum * Assignment: Skull Labeling

  31. Figure 6.10

  32. Figure 6.10

  33. The Rest of the Bones

  34. Neck = cervical Middle Back = thoracic Lower Back = lumbar Vertebrae

  35. Thoracic Cage

  36. Pectoral Girdle

  37. Ulna goes to pinky  (P-U) Radius goes to thumb Bones of the Arm

  38. Carpels Metacarpals Phalanges Wrist Bones

  39. Pelvic Girdle

  40. Bones of the Leg

  41. Calcaneous Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Bones of the Ankle Assignment – Skeleton Labeling

  42. Broken Bones

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