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Greece and Iran

Greece and Iran. 1000 – 30 B.C.E. State-building, Expansion and Conflict. Medes Assyrians Cyrus 550 BCE Social Class distinctions Cambyses 530 BCE Further expansion. Warriors. Priests. Peasants.

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Greece and Iran

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  1. Greece and Iran 1000 – 30 B.C.E

  2. State-building, Expansion and Conflict • Medes • Assyrians • Cyrus 550 BCE • Social Class distinctions • Cambyses 530 BCE • Further expansion Warriors Priests Peasants

  3. Which of the following should we consider as a more important Persian step in Empire Building? • Expansion • Administration

  4. Darius I - 522 BCE

  5. Satrapy System • Twenty total • Directly connected to royal family • Decentralized • Collect and send tribute

  6. Successes • Royal roads • Postal service • Codifying of laws • Incorporation of local laws into justice system • Royal judges • Relatively peaceful • Government supplied food for workers • Building of Persepolis as a cultural centre • Susa (Elam) established as Admin. centre

  7. Issues • Royal tribute hoarding • Leads to a economic collapse across much of Empire by 4th BCE • Medians pushed out of power positions • King as aloof; people as “my slaves” • Strong connection of practices to Mesopotamia • High cost of King’s entourage • Huge tracks of land owned by king

  8. Based on the successes and issues of Darius’ rule and the negative attitude of the Greeks towards the Persians, why don’t we see more revolts taking place across the Empire?

  9. Persepolis

  10. Development and Interaction of Cultures • Religion • Zoroastrianism • Mandate from Heaven • Philosophies • Water, fire, earth • Polytheism

  11. Persian culture under Darius I borrows heavily from conquered peoples. To what extent is this true in regard to religion? • It is said that Zorastriaism had a profound influence on Judaism and Christianity. Explain this connection.

  12. Resource poor – needed trade Ecological zone – migration Isolated polis Phoenicians (800 BCE) = new ideas (alphabet) Rising population – urban centers Greeks

  13. Structures • Acropolis/agora • Hoplites – farmers • Colonists • Coins Tyrant Oligarchy Democracy

  14. Compare and contrast Greek and Persian civilizations politically. (What was necessary for each system to succeed?)

  15. Anthropomorphic gods Public sacrifice Family Individual Pre – Socratic philosophers Logographers Herodotus (485 – 425 BCE) Culture (Beliefs)

  16. What social and intellectual factors contributed to the evolution of the heightened importance of the individual? • Make a case for one of the following statements: Herodotus was the first real historian. Herodotus was NOT the first real historian.

  17. 7th c. BCE No colonists – invasion of Messenia Helots Military preparedness Time warp Peloponnesian League Sparta

  18. Big territory, population 594 BCE – Solon: wealth linked to democracy – expanded 460s – 450s – Pericles: Assembly, Council of 500, People’s Courts Athens

  19. Why were the two polis of Sparta and Athens so different from one another? What accounted for those differences? • Can a case be made that ancient Sparta was just as democratic as ancient Athens in the 7th – 5th centuries BCE? Why or why not?

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