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Biomes

Biomes. Large geographical areas characterized by a certain type of climax community. Terrestrial biomes. Temperature and rainfall are the major limiting factors that determine the type of climax community found in a given area

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Biomes

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  1. Biomes Large geographical areas characterized by a certain type of climax community

  2. Terrestrial biomes • Temperature and rainfall are the major limiting factors that determine the type of climax community found in a given area • a limiting factor will influence what type of organisms can survive in an environment

  3. tundra • Very cold winters and brief growing seasons • Permafrost – permanently frozen subsoil • Flora  lichens, mosses grasses • Fauna  insects, migratory birds, large migratory animals

  4. Taiga • Long, cold winters but longer growing seasons • Flora  coniferous forests • Pine trees, spruce trees, fir trees • Fauna  large variety of small mammals, moose and black bear

  5. Temperate deciduous forest • Mild winters and long growing seasons • Flora  angiosperms • Trees lose leaves in the fall • Oak, maple, elm trees • Fauna  large diversity of small mammals • Grey squirrel, fox, deer

  6. Tropical rain forest • Warm all year • Receives 100-400 inches of rain per year • Flora  many varieties of broad-leaved plants, bamboo, ferns • Fauna  many animal species, monkeys, snakes, leopard

  7. Grassland • Less than 20 inches of rain per year • Flora  annual plants and grasses • Fauna  deer, antelope, small mammals, prairie dogs

  8. Desert • Less than 10 inches of rain per year • Flora  succulents, cactus and aloe • Fauna  birds, reptiles, insects

  9. Marine biomes Based on three physical criteria

  10. The marine biome covers 70% of the earth’s surface • Oceans absorb solar heat energy • Oceans have a stabilizing effect on average temperature of land areas

  11. MOST PHOTOSYNTHESIS TAKES PLACE IN THE OCEAN!

  12. There is a great variety of life forms in the ocean • Organisms that live on the ocean floor are called BENTHOS

  13. Photosynthetic organisms are called PHYTOPLANKTON • These are the producers in the marine biome

  14. Small organisms that float near the surface are PLANKTON • these are protists and algae, larvae of various animals, small jellyfish, worms

  15. Distance from shore • Intertidal zone – where land meets water • Nertic zone – shallow regions over the continental shelf • Oceanic zone – the sea floor

  16. Water depth • Pelagic zone – open water of any depth • Benthic zone – the sea floor

  17. Freshwater biome • These can be divided into two types • Standing water  lakes, ponds, swamps and bogs • Running water streams

  18. Lakes are usually larger than ponds • Lakes are so deep that light does not reach the bottom in all parts • Ponds are shallow enough for light to reach the bottom

  19. Cattails and other plants grow around the surface of the lake and in the pond

  20. Streams are fast moving water • The bottom is made of rocks and gravel • Organisms can be found in calmer, shallow areas near stream banks

  21. Swamps are low, wetland areas • Fresh and saltwater swamps are often called wetlands • Wetlands are important nesting sites for water birds

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