Skeletal System

1. Skeletal System

2. Skeletal System • Aka Osseous tissue • Dynamic • Solid matrix • Calcium salts • hydroxyapatite • Calcium phosphate 2/3 bone wt • Calcium hydroxide • Two divisions • Axial skeleton • Appendicular skeleton

3. Skeletal System • Support weight • Mineral storage • Blood cell production • Protection • Leverage- movement

5. Bone Types • Compact bone • Spongy bone

6. Compact Bone

7. Compact Bone • Thickness based on physical stress • Surface contours shaped by external physical forces • On surface of ALL bones • Shaft- Long portion of bones • Periosteum absent in joint • Articular cartilage • hyaline • Osteon • Parallel to long axis of shaft • Parallel to longitudinal force

8. Shaft

9. Resist linear stress

10. Spongy Bone • Fill ends of long bone • Resist stress in multiple directions • Trabeculae brace bone from within • Align along stress lines • Ie weight bearing, muscle attachment

11. Spongy Bone

13. Bone Classification • Long bones • Flat bones • Sutural bones • Irregular bones • Short bones • Sesamoid bones

14. Long Bones

15. Flat Bones

16. Sutural Bones

17. Irregular Bones

18. Short Bones

19. Sesamoid Bones

20. Bone Landmarks

21. Long Bone Structure • Epiphyses • Diaphysis aka shaft • Medullary cavity • Metaphysis • Cortex

23. Epiphysis • Aka head- • Epi= above physis= growth • Structure • Primarily spongy bone • Thin covering of compact bone • Filled with red bone marrow & blood stem cells • Ends covered with articular cartilage • Borders region of bone growth • Function • Strength & lightness • Hemopoiesis- cell blood formation • Location • Found at ends of long bone

25. Diaphysis • Dia= through- growing between • Aka shaft • Structure • Long slightly curved region • Primarily compact bone • Contains marrow (medullary cavity)- yellow marrow • Areolar & adipose tissue • Function • Support for blood vessel and energy storage • Location • Between ends

27. Metaphysis • “union” • Structure • Adult- spongy bone • Juvenile- hyaline cartilage/ bone • Function • Site of bone growth • Location • Area where epiphysis & diaphysis come together

29. Associated Connective Tissue • Periosteum • Covers outer surface of bone • Endosteum • Covers inner surface of bone • Inner cell layer • Osteoprogenitor • Osteoblast • Osteoclast

30. Function • Secures blood vessels and nerves • Growth & repair • Attaches surrounding connective tissue

31. Associated Connective Tissue

32. Periosteum

33. Growth & Maintenance endosteum

34. Growth & Maintenance endosteum

35. Attachment • Attach tendons, ligaments, joint structures • Fibers interwoven with periosteum & osseous tissue • STRONG! Bone tissue connections

37. Bone Blood Supply • Nutrient artery & vein • Enter medullary cavity thru diaphysis • Nutrient foramen • Proximal & distal branches • Supply central (Haversion) canals • Periosteal vessels • Small vessels at periosteum • Supply superficial osteons of diaphysis • Metaphyseal vessels • Enter at metaphysis • Supply inner surface of epiphysis

38. Blood Supply