Rob Eagles Director ASIA PACIFIC Safety, Operations & Infrastructure

1. Rob Eagles Director ASIA PACIFIC Safety, Operations & Infrastructure

2. On-going work • Savings in 2007 • 3.8 million tonnes CO2 (routes) 6.7 (Green Teams) • Targets for 2008 • 6 million tonnes CO2 • 4 pillars • Technology • Economic • Infrastructure • Operations

3. Pillar 3 - Infrastructureand its Environmental Consequences

4. Infrastructure • Services or Systems necessary for Air Traffic Services • Communications • Navigation • Surveillance • Air Traffic Management • Separation Minimums • Instrument Procedures • Airport Development

5. Infrastructure • Services or Systems necessary for Air Traffic Services • Communications • Navigation • Surveillance • Air Traffic Management • Separation Minimums • Instrument Procedures • Airport Development Every element has a direct impact on fuel burn & CO2 emissions.

6. Optimum altitude

7. Reach optimum altitude ASAP

8. However, speed limits on climb out…

9. Significant savings if clean airspeed departure Clean Airspeed Departures • About 200-1600 kg fuel savings

10. Maintain en route flight at optimum altitude

11. Optimum altitude varies according to weight Example: 12 hour flight

12. Available Cruising Levels Conventional Vertical Separation Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) 33,000 ft 32,000 ft 31,000 ft 30,000 ft 29,000 ft 33,000 ft 32,000 ft 31,000 ft 30,000 ft 29,000 ft 4,000 ft 2,000 ft 2,000 ft 1,000 ft

13. LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL CRUISING LEVELS Optimum Altitude Unavailable 450 kg/hr penalty (B744) Next Available 4,000 ft lower Next Available 8,000 ft lower 1200 kg/hr penalty

14. RVSMSAVINGS Optimum Altitude Unavailable 140 kg/hr penalty Next Available 2,000 ft lower 450 kg/hr penalty Next Available 4,000 ft lower As opposed to450kg/hror 1200kg/hr penalty on conventional cruising levels

15. 2006

16. 2007 1.1 MIL tonnes CO2

17. 2008

18. Enhancing capacity / reducing emissions Procedural / time separation

19. Utilizing technology 1. Position broadcast by the aircraft (ADS-C) and Navigation accuracy 2. Direct controller / pilot communication (CPDLC) 3. Technology / available today

20. Reducing delays & optimum altitudes Equates to CO2 - reductions

21. Infrastructure enhancements

22. Goal: Continuous descent for arrival

23. 10% less fuel • 40% less noise • Saves 50-200 kg fuel • 150 - 640kg less CO2 Fuel Savings on Arrivals

24. Winds rule! Longer the flight - greater the daily variance for the optimum track A 8200 nm 9100 B

25. Eastbound: Dubai - Brisbane • Example: • 1000 kgs per month • 100 minutes flying time • ~1200nm abeam great circle track

26. Westbound: Los Angeles - Hong Kong Preferred route - 20May06 Preferred route - 03Nov05 Distance (nm) Distance (nm) 6897 7069 Flight time Flight time 14:13 14:50 Great Circle Distance between LAX & HKG - 6300nm 2700nm

28. Military Restricted Airspace

32. Conclusion • Infrastructure ATM enhancement is critical • Technology on aircraft • Reduced reliance on ground systems • Airlines investing: • Reduce emissions • Plan for ASPAC (based on ICAO GPIs) • Accelerate progress from States • APEC • Working together to address issues • Common goal • Critical role