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Reacting Acids and Bases

Reacting Acids and Bases. On the way to neutralization. What happens when acids and bases are mixed?. Neutralization These reactions are often new compounds in solution Example: H Br ( aq ) + Na OH ( aq )  H 2 O (l) + NaBr ( aq )

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Reacting Acids and Bases

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  1. Reacting Acids and Bases On the way to neutralization

  2. What happens when acids and bases are mixed? • Neutralization • These reactions are often new compounds in solution Example: HBr(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) + NaBr(aq) Acid Base results in water and a salt

  3. Mixing • Adding an acid to a base slowly consumes the base • When all the base is reacted (consumed/used up) the solution is considered neutralized • A salt and water remains • The solution is now neither acidic nor basic

  4. What is a Salt? • A compound made up of both positive and negative ions HBr(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) + NaBr(aq) Acid Base results in water and a salt

  5. What happens now… • If any more acid is added at this point the solution then becomes more acidic • These changes can be seen by using a universal indicator Universal indicator: change many colours as pH changes An indicator that changes colour as soon as all the base is consumed can also be used

  6. Qualitative Neutralization • Mixing approximate amounts of acid and base • Cleaning chemical spills - using baking soda to clean an acid spill • The amount of baking soda doesn’t matter as long as the spill is neutralized

  7. Quantitative Neutralization • This is a process called titration • The chemist mixes exact amounts of acid and base to identify when the solution hits the neutralization point

  8. Looking further at Neutralization • Neutralization reactions are special forms of double displacement reactions Example: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)

  9. What happens: • The hydrogen ion from the acid reacts with the hydroxide ion resulting in… Water H+ + OH- H2O

  10. What can we use acid/base reactions for? • Hair dressers use these reactions in order to perm or straighten hair • The hair curling solution is a base • It changes the structure of the hair • Allowing it to accept or undo a curl • Applying the neutralizer solution stops the process • Allowing the hair structure to reform, maintaining its new shape

  11. Where else? • Fire extinguishers… Sulfuric acid and sodium bicarbonate react creating large amounts of foam bubbles (CO2), which smother the flames

  12. Read:Nelson • Acid-Base reactions in the home • Acid-Base reactions in baking • Antacids • Found on pg 318 – 319 • Acid Deposition page 116-118

  13. Read:MHR • Acid-Base reactions Antacid • Acid-Base reactions Acid Spills • Acid-Base reactions – Acid Precipitation • Acid-Base reactions – Renewing Acidified Lakes • Acid-Base reactions – Acid Leaching and Metals • Found on pg 236 - 246

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