The Middle Ages I 590-1517

1. The Middle Ages I590-1517 Monks, Popes, and Barbies

3. Middle Ages Dark Ages Golden Years

4. Clovis King of the Franks • Barbarian chieftain of the Frankish people • Converted, through the influence (or nagging) of his wife Clotild as well as a Constantine like conversion experience before the battle of Tolbiac • Began the conversion of barbarians and heretics through missionary and axe work. • He became the model for all Christian kings and emperors who came after him

10. Monks, Monkery, and Monasticism NOT these guys

11. These Guys

12. Monks, Monkery, and Monasticism • Started by St. Antony in mid 3rd century • Emphasis on celibacy, asceticism, and purity • Desired separation from the world in order to obtain purity • Came up with some crazy ideas like Simon Stylitus • Systematized by Benedict in the early 6th century. • Became a punishment used to eliminate heirs to the throne without killing them

13. St. Antony 250-357 • Became a monk at age 20 • Was inspired by the words of Mt. 19:21-22 • Sold his goods, gave much away, took care of his sister and ran away to a tomb • Tomb got crowded so he started a monastery in the mountains

14. St. Antony 250-357 • Fought with the Devil in many times and ways • Desired to be a martyr • Performed many miracles • Uneducated, but wise • Debated with Pagans

16. Symeon the Stylite • Originally a shepherd boy, who heard a sermon on the beatitudes at 13 and moved to a cloister • Began a very ascetic life, started a practice of fasting all 40 days of Lent. • Kicked out of the monastery for over- asceticism • Moved to the desert and began new methods of asceticism, ultimately ending on top of a pillar • He preached and discipled drawing people by his asceticism and kindly sharing the gospel with all • Inspired pole-standing ascetics up to the 12th c.

18. St. Benedict • Father of modern monasticism • Monk at age 15 • “Knowledgeably ignorant and wisely unlearned” • Performed many miracles • Formed many small monasteries with 12 monks and one abbot • Lived out of the world to save the world • Wrote out the Regula Benedicti “Rule of Benedict”

19. Rule of Benedict • Democratic government, Abbot-provost-deans • 1 year trial for initiates • “Ora et Labora” Prayer & Manual Labor • Threefold vow • Stabilitas – adherence to the monastic order • Conversio Morum – poverty, chastity, piety • Obedientia coram Deo et sanctis ejus – Absolute obedience to the Abbot – the cardinal virtue of the monk. • Preserved many classics through libraries

20. Gregory The Great 540-604 • Born into a wealthy family • Well educated • Gave up prefecture of Rome, sold his belongings and built a St. Andrews monastery where he became a Benedictine monk • Later became ambassador to Constantinople, then Abbot of St. Andrews • He is reluctantly appointed Bishop of Rome, and initiated a march against the Plague which ended miraculously.

21. Gregory The Great 540-604 • Becomes pope in 590 • Takes over in Rome due to the emperor being absent, even in military affairs • Defended the city from a Lombard invasion. • Humbly enforced the Roman supremacy over all other churches.

22. Gregory The Great 540-604 • Believed in both the Supremacy of Peter and there being no one universal bishop • Doctor Ecclesia – Wrote Liber pastoralis curae “book on the office of Bishop” also wrote Dialogues • Maybe initiated Gregorian Chant • Sent a team of 30 monk missionaries to the Anglo-Saxons ultimately resulting in their conversion

23. The Heliand (Saxon Gospel) Circa 8th century Fadar ûsa firiho barno, thu bist an them hôhon himila rîkea, geuuîhid sî thîn namo uuordo gehuuilico. Cuma thîn craftag rîki. Uuerða thîn uuilleo obar thesa uuerold alla, sô sama an erðo, sô thar uppa ist an them hôhon himilo rîkea. Gef ûs dago gehuuilikes râd, drohtin the gôdo, thîna hêlaga helpa, endi alât ûs, hebenes uuard, managoro mênsculdio, al sô uue ôðrum mannum dôan. Ne lât ûs farlêdean lêða uuihti sô forð an iro uuilleon, sô uui uuirðige sind, ac help ûs uuiðar allun ubilon dâdiun.