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Literary Terms

Literary Terms. The Glass Castle by Jeannette Walls. Why is Jeannette’s glass castle more like a sand castle? (metaphor).

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Literary Terms

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  1. Literary Terms The Glass Castle by Jeannette Walls Why is Jeannette’s glass castle more like a sand castle? (metaphor) The glass castle represents the hopes of a positive future for the family. Those hopes can be represented in a sand castle because it can be built but it can easily be washed away, just like the children’s hopes are often washed away.

  2. Figurative Language/Literary Terms Review Also known as descriptive language, or poetic language, figurative language helps the writer paint a picture in the reader’s mind.

  3. Allusion • A casual reference in literature to a person, place, event, or another passage of literature. • Example: "Fluffy" -- the three headed dog in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. • In Greek Mythology, Cerberus guards the gate to the underworld.  He is "a three-headed, dragon-tailed dog, who permits all spirits to enter, but none to return." --  from Edith Hamilton's Mythology

  4. Colloquialism • A word or phrase used in everyday plain and relaxed speech, but rarely found in formal writing. • Example: The opening line from Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn • "You don’t know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, but that ain’t no matter."

  5. Colloquialism cont’d • Another example: The first sentence of J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye • "If you really want to hear about it, the first thing you'll probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap, but I don't feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth."

  6. Hyperbole Exaggeration or overstatement for an effect. “I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.” “This test is going to take forever to finish.” Now you write one: Begin with “My dog is so ugly…” and finish the sentence using hyperbole. (example: My dog is so ugly we had to pay the fleas to live on him!)

  7. Idiom An expression in one language that cannot be matched or directly translated word-for-word in another language. “tough nut to crack” “piece of cake” Now you write one.

  8. Verbal Irony • An implied discrepancy between what is said and what is meant • Example: From Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet • Mercutio (Romeo's best friend) receives a wound which he calls “a scratch,” but he knows it is fatal.

  9. Symbol • Using an object or action that means something more than its literal meaning • Example: From William Golding’s Lord of the Flies • The conch is a concrete object, but it represents the abstract concepts of law and order and of course a civilized society.

  10. Metaphor A comparison of two unlike things, but does NOT use the words "like" or "as". “She was an ice cube before the heat kicked on.” “They are two peas in a pod.” Simile A comparison of two unlike things using the words "like" or "as". “She is as cold as ice.” “The stars shine like diamonds.”

  11. Theme • the general idea or insight about life that a writer wishes to express • Example: From Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird,: • “Even if one person stands up for what is right, when all others are against him or her, it can make a positive difference.” • Examples from The Glass Castle?

  12. The Appeals • Appeal to character: Ethos • To make an argument that is a persuasive appeal to someone’s moral and ethical nature. • Example: William Golding’s Lord of the Flies • Right after Simon is killed, Ralph says, “`That was murder…’ Ralph’s voice, low and stricken, stopped Piggy’s gestures…`Don’t you understand, Piggy? The things we did…’” • Ralph is trying to do the right thing, ethically.

  13. The Appeals cont’d • Appeal to reason: Logos • To use rational thinking to persuade by means of an argument “suitable to the case in question.” • Also known as rational appeal or logical proof • Example: Dr. Martin Luther King's speech • Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice.

  14. Another example of Logos • From William Golding’s Lord of the Flies • Right after the ship goes by because Jack pulled Samneric from the fire, Jack tries to explain that he HAD to hunt. • “The job was too much. We needed everyone.…We needed meat.”

  15. The Appeals cont’d • Appeal to Pity: Pathos • To make an argument with emotional appeal that targets the audience’s altruism and mercy. • Example: From Jeannette Walls’ The Glass Castle • “Quixote landed with a screeching meow and a thud, Dad accelerated up the road, and I burst into tears” (18).

  16. Pathos cont.

  17. Find Two Examples • Use your book to find quotes from The Glass Castle that fit with TWO of the literary terms that we just discussed. • On the back of your handout, copy down the quote, state which term it fits with, and write a brief explanation about why/how it is an example of that literary term. • Try to focus on examples other than symbolism, unless it is an object that we have not already discussed. • When you finish, work on your prefix handout, DQ’s, or study for your prefix test tomorrow • I will be around to stamp

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