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Chapter 1 update

Artificial intelligence conceps

Melaku4
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Chapter 1 update

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  1. Wolaita Sodo University School of Informatics Department of Computer Science Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Course Instructor:Melaku Bayih (MSc.8) Contact: mebaethio@gmail.com 1

  2. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence •AI is concerned with building intelligent entities q That can safely and effectively act in various environments •Encompasses variety of sub-fields: reasoning, perception  playing chess, driving car •AI – rationality, doing the “right thing” 2

  3. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence •Approaches to AI ü Acting humanly ü Thinking humanly ü Thinking rationally ü Acting rationally 3

  4. Introduction to AI • Approaches to AI ü Acting humanly: the Turing Test Intelligent behaviour – the ability to achieve human-level performance in all tasks An interrogator can’t tell if there is a computer or human at the other end. 4

  5. Introduction to AI • Approaches to AI ü Acting humanly: the Turing Test The computer needs to have the following capabilities: ü NLP – to communicate in human language ü Knowledge reasoning – to store information ü Automated reasoning – to use stored information to answer questions and draw conclusions ü Machine learning – to adapt to new circumstance and patterns 5

  6. Introduction to AI •Approaches to AI ü Thinking humanly: the cognitive modelling approach v Need to know how humans think v If we have enough theory of the mind, it’s possible to express the theory as a computer program v Cognitive science – models from AI + experimental techniques from psychology  human-like thinking 6

  7. Introduction to AI • Approaches to AI ü Thinking rationally: the laws of thought approach v Aristotle was the first to attempt coding “right thinking” – irrefutable reasoning v His syllogisms gave patterns that correct conclusions from correct premises: q Socrates is a man + all men are mortal  Socrates is mortal v These laws govern operation of the mind logic v Programmes existed that could take a description of a problem in logical form and find a solution, if it exists. 7

  8. Introduction to AI •Approaches to AI ü Acting rationally: the rational agent approach v Acting to achieve one’s goals, given one’s beliefs v Agent – something that perceives and acts Ø AI is the study and construction of rational agents v Making correct inferences (thinking rationally) is part of being a rational agent Ø Correct inference is not all of rationality – no provably correct thing to do  something must still be done 8

  9. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence •Approaches to AI ü We will focus on general principles of rational agents, and on components for creating them ü Achieving perfect rationality is not possible in complex environments • AI is a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary area: mathematics, psychology, computer science, linguistics, philosophy 9

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