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Pleural Effusion Clinical symptoms and sign - Dr. Sheetu Singh

What is Pleural Effusion Part - 4 Pleural Effusion Clinical Symptoms and Sign - Dr. Sheetu Singh. www.drsheetusingh.com

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Pleural Effusion Clinical symptoms and sign - Dr. Sheetu Singh

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  1. Loculated Effusion • Pleural fluid may become encapsulated by adhesions anywhere between the parietal and the visceral pleura or in the interlobar fissures. • Associated with conditions that cause intense pleural inflammation, such as empyema, hemothorax, or tuberculouspleuritis. • Loculation are typically D-shaped, with the base of the D against the chest wall and the smooth convexity protruding inward toward the lung because of the compressibility of the lung parenchyma. • Loculation may be differentiated from parenchymal infiltrates by the absence of air bronchograms. • A definitive diagnosis of loculated pleural effusion is best established by ultrasound.

  2. Loculated pleural effusion

  3. Air fluid level • Hydropneumothorax / pyopneumothorax • Lung abscess • Cyst with fluid level

  4. Clinical symptoms • Chest pain – pleuritic, dull-aching • Cough – dry • Dyspnoea – compression of lung, decreased venous return  decreased cardiac output, inversion of diaphragm

  5. Signs Inspection • Respiratory rate may be increased • Intercostal spaces may be bulging • Respiratory movement on affected side may be reduced Palpation • Tactile vocal fremitus decreased on affected side Percussion • Stony dull note • Shifting dullness present Auscultation • Reduced air entry

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