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ANTIGEN AND ITS CHEMICAL NATURE

anti gen with its chemical nature

BIOGEN1
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ANTIGEN AND ITS CHEMICAL NATURE

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  1. ANTIGEN AND IMMUNOGEN • Antigen is a substances usually protein in nature and sometimes polysaccharide, that generates a specific immune response and induces the formation of a specific antibody or specially sensitized T cells or both. • Although all antigens are recognized by specific lymphocytes or by antibodies, only some antigens are capable of activating lymphocytes. Molecules that stimulate immune responses are called Immunogens.

  2. EPITOPE • Epitope is immunologically active regions of an immunogen (or antigen) that binds to antigen-specific membrane receptors on lymphocytes or to secreted antibodies. It is also called antigenic determinants.

  3. Chemical Nature of Antigens (Immunogens) • ProteinsThe vast majority of immunogens are proteins. These may be pure proteins or they may be glycoproteins or lipoproteins. In general, proteins are usually very good immunogens. • PolysaccharidesPure polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides are good immunogens. • Nucleic AcidsNucleic acids are usually poorly immunogenic. However, they may become immunogenic when single stranded or when complexed with proteins. • LipidsIn general lipids are non-immunogenic, although they may be haptens.

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