The Digestive System Cont’d…

1. The Digestive System Cont’d…

2. A Closer Look at the Digestive Organs • Tongue • Stomach • Intestines

3. Understanding Enzymes • For food to move through the digestive pathways it must undergo changes. • These changes would not be possible without the presence of enzymes. • Enzymes ensure that the changes occur at an appropriate rate. • As a result our body functions effectively in a timely manner. Enzymes are biological catalysts

4. Reconstruct the Digestive System • Break Bread into four pieces • Put into plastic zip lock bag • Add water • Mechanically break bread • Add powder enzyme • Continue to breakdown the bread • Pour through chux cloth • Pour through sponge • Shape the remaining material

5. Nutrition and Exercise Our bodies work hard for us what can we do to look after them?

6. Create Your Own Food Pyramid Fats, Oil, Sweets Protein Dairy (eg. Milk, Cheese, Yoghurt) (eg. Meat, Poultry, Fish, Egg, Beans) Vegetable Fruit Carbohydrate (eg. Bread, Creal, Pasta, Rice)

7. Nutrition

8. Food, Energy and Exercise • We need food for energy. • Our body uses energy to function. • The way our body uses this energy is called metabolism • We can measure how much energy we use for normal body functioning and this is called our basal metabolic rate or BMR. • When we exercise additional energy is needed. • This energy initially comes carbohydrates. • When our carbohydrates run out the body uses fats. • Once the fats run out the body uses proteins. • Using protein for energy is very dangerous because it breaks down our bodies, so we need to eat enough food including carbohydrates especially when exercising.

9. Calculation Your Energy Use in a Day • Sitting, watching TV or sleeping: x 1.2 x (hours/24) • Classroom and homework: x 1.5 x (hours/24) • Walking home from school, walking the dog, chores: x 3 x (hours/24) • Exercise: x 6 x (hours/24) • Basal Metabolic rate ( ) – the amount of energy your body uses to function. This energy is used to ensure your heart pumps and your lungs expand and other bodily function occur. Male (0.074 x weight (65kg)) + 2.754 = 7.564 = Female (0.056 x weight (55kg)) + 2.989 = 6.069 = BMR BMR BMR BMR BMR BMR BMR

10. An Example: Nicole’s Energy Balance Nicole is a young university student. To measure her BMR we need to calculate how much energy she uses in day depending on the type of activities she does using the calculations from the previous slide. She plays Sport: 1.5 hours BMR x 6 x (1.5/24) =6.069 x 6 x 0.0625 =2.2759 She goes to University: 5 hours 6.069 x 1.5 x (5/24) = 1.8966 She does Homework: 3 hours 6.069 x 1.5 x (3/24) = 1.1379 She eats Eat: 1 hour 6.069 x 1.5 x (1/24) = 0.3793 She watches TV: 1.5 hours 6.069 x 1.5 x (1.5/24) = 0.5689 She sleep: 12 hours 6.069 x 1.5 x (12/24) = 4.5518 ADD them all together 2.2759 + 1.8966 + 1.1379 +0.3193 + 0.5689 + 4.5518 = 10.81 Multiply by 1000 10.81 x 1000 = 10 810 Kilo Joules (Joules is a measure of energy) A elite soccer player uses about 16 500 KJ per day! 10 810 KJ is Nicoles total energy use for this day!

11. A Realistic Understanding of Healthy