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Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems. 37-1 The Circulatory System Objectives: Name the three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system. Describe blood pressure. Blood Vessels.

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Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

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  1. Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems 37-1 The Circulatory System Objectives: Name the three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system. Describe blood pressure.

  2. Blood Vessels • The circulatory system is known as a closed system because the blood is contained within either the heart or the blood vessels at all times. • This system contains two subsystems: the pulmonary circulation (lungs) and the systemic circulation.

  3. Blood Vessels • Arteries • The large, muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart and to the body • Arteries are made up of three layers: an inner endothelial layer, a middle layer of smooth muscle, and an outer layer of connective tissue. • Capillaries and Veins • The capillaries are a vast network of tiny vessels that allow an exchange between the blood and the cells to occur. • A vein is a bundle of vascular tissue that transports fluids and waste back to the heart.

  4. Blood Vessels • In order to measure blood pressure, • Systolic pressure, measured first, is the pressure of the blood when the ventricles contract. • Diastolic pressure, measured second, indicates the steady flow of blood through the artery • Normal blood pressure • Males 120/80 • Females 110/70

  5. Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems 37-2 Blood Objectives: Describe blood plasma. Explain the functions of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

  6. Blood Blood is composed of a liquid medium—plasma—and blood solids–red and white blood cells and platelets. • Plasma (60% of make-up) • Plasma is a sticky, straw-colored fluid that is about 90 percent water and includes metabolites, nutrients, wastes, salts, and proteins. • Plasma provides cells with nourishment and carries various proteins.

  7. Blood • Red Blood Cells (part of 40%) • A red blood cell is a disc-shaped cell that has no nucleus and transports oxygen to cells in all parts of the body. • Immature red blood cells synthesize large amounts of an iron-containing protein called hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the molecule that transports oxygen.

  8. Blood • White Blood Cells (part of 40%) • White blood cells are cells in the blood that destroy bacteria, viruses, and toxic proteins and helps the body develop immunities. • Platelets (part of 40%) • Platelets are partial cells that are necessary for the formation of a blood clot.

  9. Blood • Blood Types • Red blood cells have surface proteins that are used to classify a person’s blood. The type of surface protein determines a person’s blood type.

  10. Blood • Blood Types • A-B-O System • Surface markers can be A or B, both (AB) or neither (O) • Rh System • based on the presence or absence of the Rh antigen. • A person with Rh antigens is Rh positive; a person without Rh antigens is Rh negative • If blood of a different type is introduced into the body it will be treated as a foreign invader

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