The Methods and Models of Drought Monitoring by Meteorological Satellites in China

1. August 26, 2012 The Methods and Models of Drought Monitoring by Meteorological Satellites in China

2. 2 OUTLINE 1.Introduction 2. Monitoring methods and Models 3. Some improves to thermal inertia 4. Several problems in drought monitoring by meteorological satellites 5. The operational support system for drought monitoring 6. Ecology & Environment Monitoring and Assessment 7. The Development Planning in the Future

3. 3 1. Introduction

4. 4

5. 5 2. Monitoring methods and Models 2.1 The thermal inertia The thermal inertia is the present widely-used method in agrometeorological operation and is mainly suitable for the bare land surface. The thermal inertia (P) is defined as following :

6. 6 In actual application, we often use the apparent thermal inertia (ATI) replacing the real thermal inertia (P) for the purpose of simple calculation. Through constructing the liner equation between W and ATI, we can retrieve the soil moisture (W): W=a*ATI + b Of course, the equation can also be established with the other patterns, such as exponential ?power and logarithm function etc..

7. 7 The apparent thermal inertia (ATI) can be calculated by using the following equation:

8. 8 2.2 Crop water shortage index (CWSI)

9. 9

10. 10

11. 11 The relations VCI?TCI and drought or soil moisture are: According to the following index table, we can transform VT Index to drought grades:

12. 12 (2)The regression models between soil moisture and VCI , TCI, VI are:

13. 13 2.4 Regression method of single phase data In actual operation work, sometimes it�s very difficult to gain the clear-sky remote sensing data of multi phases, then the single phase method is put. The regression equation of the single phase method is defined as following:

14. 14 2.5 Vegetation water supply index (VSWI) The smaller VSWI is, the severer the drought is.

15. 15 2.6 Anomaly of NDVI

16. 16 2.7 Thermal Infrared Method

17. 17 3. Some improvements to thermal inertia method

18. 18 3.2 Correction model by surface vegetation cover

19. 19

20. 20 3.3 Consideration of wind speed

21. 21 Two parameters (F and R) related with wind speed were defined, they can all be derived form the DEM data.

22. 22

23. 23 4. Several problems in drought monitoring by meteorological satellites

24. 24

25. 25

26. 26 4.2 The best depth of drought monitoring by weather satellites

27. 27 4.3 The deep soil moisture monitoring by remote sensing

28. 28 By the support of GIS, the soil moisture of 10cm can be firstly retrieved with the thermal inertia method. Then the soil moisture value of other layers can be calculated by above model. By this kind of method , the soil moisture of any soil layer in 100cm depth can be calculated , and the error can be controlled in 20% or so.

29. 29 4.4 the model of relationship between soil moisture and the thermal inertia

30. 30 However, it still is a difficult and hot problem that monitoring drought by meteorological satellite. Some new techniques (such as microwave sensing), new methods (such as 3S integrated techniques), new models (such as some dynamical models) are developing. With the accumulation of data and the deeper of research, the difficulty of drought monitoring can be solved to a certainty.

31. 31 5. The operational support system for drought monitoring

32. 32

33. 33 The receiving system of NOAA/AVHRR?FY-1

34. 34 The DVB-S receiving system for EOS / MODIS Data

35. 35 The software used in research

36. 36 The GPS apparatus from GARMIN company of U.S.A

37. 37 GPS data management system-Mapsource 4.0

38. 38 The GIS softwares used in work

39. 39

40. 40 5.2 The operational service on drought monitoring

41. 41

42. 42 Serving for the Economic Construction and People�s Lives by Means of Newspaper, TV, and Internet

43. 43 6. Ecology&Environment Monitoring and Assessment

44. 44 Issuing Report of Ecology & Environment Monitoring and Assessment Service We issued regular or irregular The Monitoring and Assessment Report on Henan Provincial Ecology & Environment from 1 Jan. 2004 based on the remote sensing technology. The contents include mainly drought, flood, sand storm, snow, heavy fog, vegetation, reservior change, land use/ land cover etc.

45. 45 On the uniform requires of China Meteorological Administration (CMA), from autumn of 2005, we began to issue Henan Provincial Ecology & Environment Climatic Assessment, which quarterly or yearly gave a grade assessment based on climatic humid index, vegetable cover index, desertifized land index, water index and natural disaster index. Another, we also issued the following monitoring services by using remote sensing data and GIS:

46. 46 LUCC monitoring

47. 47 Desertified land monitoring

48. 48 Withdraw infield and return forest monitoring

49. 49 Wheat growth monitoring

50. 50 Flood monitoring

51. 51 ????????????

52. 52 Forest distribution monitoring

53. 53 Reservior area change monitoring

54. 54 Sand storm monitoring

55. 55 Snow area monitoring

56. 56

57. 57 Forest fire monitoring

58. 58 Straw burning monitoring

59. 59 The provincial net of ultraviolet radiation, soil moisture, atmosphere dry sedimentation etc. have established. The atmospheric component station of Zhengzhou is constructing. They can provide the base data for ecology & environment monitoring and assessment.

60. 60 7?The Development Planning in the Future

61. 61 The system structure chart

62. 62 The Elementary Information Service System of Ecological Environment and Resource Monitoring

63. 63