model of Interpersonal support

1. BMS 361 Principles of Learning and Health Education model of Interpersonal support Dr. FatmahAlmoayad

2. Models of Interpersonal support (social learning) Social learning theory is based on the idea that people not only self-regulate and have control their environments and actions, but they are also influenced by their environments. They create and are influenced by their surroundings.

3. Why does social environment matter Social environment affects behavior and consequently impacts health

4. Who is in your social environment The social environment includes family members, co-workers, friends, health professionals, and others.

5. What differentiates social learning theory from intrapersonal support theories Reciprocal determinism is what differentiates social learning theory from the belief that all behaviour is a one-way product of the environment

6. Reciprocal determinism The dynamic interaction of the person, behaviour, and the environment in which the behaviour is performed

7. Reciprocal determinism effect The opinions, thoughts, behaviour, advice, and support of the people surrounding an individual influence his or her feelings and behaviour, and the individual has a reciprocal effect on those people

8. Potential change strategies Consider multiple ways to promote behaviourchange, including making adjustments to the environment or influencing personal attitudes

9. Social learning theory

10. The most common theory for interpersonal support models Social cognitive theory

11. Social cognitive theory Social cognitive theory incorporates the basic parts of social learning theory but adds the principles of observational learning and vicarious reinforcement

12. Observational learning and vicarious reinforcement Watching and learning from the actions of others.

13. Factors affect the likelihood of behavioral change • Self-efficacy • Goals • Outcome expectancies

14. The most important personal factor in the social cognitive theory Self-efficacy

15. Self-efficacy Confidence in one’s ability to take action and overcome barriers

16. Effect of self efficacy on behaviours If individuals have a sense of self-efficacy, they can change behaviour even when faced with obstacles. If they feel unable to exercise control over their health behaviour, they remain unmotivated and unable to persist through challenges.

17. Strategies to increase self-efficacy • Setting incremental goals (e.G. Exercising for 10 minutes each day); • Behavioural contracting (a formal contract, with specified goals and rewards); and monitoring and • Reinforcement (feedback from self-monitoring or record keeping).

18. Behavioural capability Knowledge and skill to perform a given behaviour.

19. Potential change strategies (Behavioural capability) Promote mastery learning through skills training

20. Expectations Anticipated outcomes of a behaviour

21. Potential change strategies (Expectations) Model positive outcomes of healthful behaviour

22. Observational learning (modelling) Behavioural acquisition that occurs by watching the actions and outcomes of others’ behaviour

23. Potential change strategies (Observational learning) Offer credible role models who perform the targeted behaviour

24. Reinforcements Responses to a person’s behaviourthat increase or decrease the likelihood of reoccurrence

25. Potential change strategies (Reinforcements) Promote self-initiated rewards and incentives

26. Models of Interpersonal support (social learning) • People create and are influenced by their surroundings (two way process). • “reciprocal determinism” is what differentiates social learning theory from the belief that all behavior is a one-way product of the environment • The social environment includes family members, co-workers, friends, health professionals, and others. • Social environment affects behavior and consequently health.

27. Any questions?