BODY CAVITIES

1. BODY CAVITIES

2. BODY CAVITIES • Spaces within the body containing vital organs • Two MAIN Cavities • Dorsal – (posterior) on the back side of the body • Cranial – holds the brain • Spinal Cavity – holds the spinal cord

3. BODY CAVITIES Two MAIN Cavities • Ventral – (anterior) on the belly side of the body • Thoracic – holds the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels • Abdominal – holds organs of the digestive & urinary systems • Stomach, small intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, & part of the large intestine • Pelvic – contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, remaining part of the large intestine & the appendix

5. BODY PLANES

6. BODY PLANES • Fixed lines of reference along which the body is often divided or sectioned • Allows for a three-dimensional perspective

7. SAGITTAL - MEDIAL PLANE • Divides the body into two parts • Left & Right

8. MIDSAGITTAL PLANE • Divides the body into EQUAL left and right halves

9. FRONTAL orCORONAL PLANE • Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

10. TRANSVERSE PLANE • Divides body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) parts

11. DIRECTIONAL TERMS

12. ANATOMICAL POSITION • Standing erect • Facing forward • Arms at side • Palms forward

13. ANTERIOR/VENTRAL • Means to the front (belly) side of the body

14. POSTERIOR/DORSAL • Means the back side of the body

15. SUPERIOR • Above another structure

16. INFERIOR • Below another structure

17. LATERAL • Means to the side

18. MEDIAL • Means middle or near the medial plane

19. PROXIMAL • Means near the point of attachment to the trunk

20. DISTAL • Means away from the point of attachment to the trunk

22. SUPINE Means lying on the back facing upward

23. PRONE Means lying on the stomach facing downward

24. DEEP Means through the surface

25. SUPERFICIAL Means on or near the surface

26. CRANIALCEPHALIC • Meaning toward the head

27. CAUDAL • Meaning toward the feet

29. REGIONS

30. REGIONS • Abdominal cavity is divided into nine regions • Regions are used to describe the location of the organ, injury or pain

31. EPIGASTRIC • Upper, center area above the stomach

32. UMBILICAL • The region surrounding the umbilicus

33. HYPOGASTRIC • Area just below the umbilical region

34. HYPOCHONDRIAC • Just below the ribs, immediately over the abdomen • On either side of the epigastric region • A left and a right side

35. LUMBAR • Near the waist • On either side of the umbilical region • A left and a right side

36. ILIAC or INGUINAL • Located near the upper portion of the hipbone • On either side of the hypogastric region • A left and a right side

38. QUADRANTS

39. QUADRANTS • A simpler way to divide the abdominal cavity is into QUADRANTS

40. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) • On the right anterior side • Contains part of the liver, the gallbladder, parts of the pancreas and intestinal tract

41. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) • On the right anterior side • Contains the appendix, parts of the intestines, female reproductive organs and the urinary tract

42. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) • On the left anterior side • Contains the stomach, spleen, and parts of the liver, pancreas and intestines

43. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) • On the left anterior side • Contains parts of the intestines, reproductive organs of the female and the urinary tract