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Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities

Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities. JAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER. Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities. Body Planes:. Definition = imaginary lines drawn through the body to separate the body into sections Refer to as any slice or cut through a 3 dimensional structure

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Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities

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  1. Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities JAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER

  2. Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities

  3. Body Planes: • Definition = imaginary lines drawn through the body to separate the body into sections • Refer to as any slice or cut through a 3 dimensional structure • What diagnostic exams use this technique?

  4. Sagittal Plane Divides the body or organ vertically into right and left unequal parts– words used with this plane include: • Medial = body parts located near the middle or midline of the body • Lateral = body parts located away from the midline or middle of the body • Proximal = body parts close to the point of reference • Distal = body parts away from the point of reference

  5. Midsagittal Plane: Divides the body vertically into EQUAL right and left sides 1. Medial = body parts located near the middle or midline of the body 2. Lateral = body parts located away from the midline or middle of the body

  6. Frontal or Coronal Plane: Divides the body into front and back section. 1. Anterior = body parts on the front of the body 2. Posterior = body parts on the back of the body

  7. Transverse Plane: Horizontal plane dividing the body into a top and bottom half 1. Superior = body parts above other parts 2. Inferior = body parts below other parts

  8. Body Directions Superior – upper or above Inferior- lower or below Anterior or ventral- in front of Posterior- after or behind medial- toward the midline- middle Lateral – toward the side – away from midline Proximal-toward the truck – near point of attachment

  9. Body Directions Distal-away from origin or point of attachment Dorsal- near the upper surface- toward the neck Ventral- towrd the bottom- toward the belly Cranial-refers to the head Caudal – means tail Internal- inside the body

  10. Body Cavities: • Spaces within the body which contain vital organs • Protect organs from shocks and bumps • Permit expansion and contraction without disrupting other organs

  11. Posterior or Dorsal Cavity: • One long continuous cavity that is located on the back of the body, divided into two sections • Surrounds the brain and spinal cord 1. Cranial Cavity = contains the brain 2. Spinal Cavity = contains the spinal cord

  12. Anterior or Ventral Cavity: • Larger and separated into two distinct cavities --the chest and abdomen- • by a dome-shaped muscle called the diaphragm, which is important for breathing 1. Thoracic Cavity = located in the chest, contains the heart, lungs, and the large blood vessels 2. Abdominopelvic

  13. 2. Abdominal Cavity = divided into upper and lower parts Upper part contains the stomach, small intestines, most of the large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen 3. Pelvic Cavity = lower abdominal cavity containing urinary bladder, the reproductive organs, and last part of the large intestines

  14. Abdominal Regions: Quadrants 1. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) 2. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) 3. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) 4. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

  15. Abdominal Quadrants

  16. Abdominal Regions: • Epigastric- • above the stomach • Umbilical • -@ belly button or umbilicus • Hypogastric or pelvic • below the stomach • Hypochondriac • below the ribs • Lumbar • Near the large bones of the spinal cord • Iliac or Inguinal • Near the groin

  17. Abdominal Regions

  18. Sooooooo…….What if…. • You have a patient that has gangrene in the lower portion of their leg and you need to amputate….. You would make a ________________ cut through the leg. • The abdominal muscles and muscles of the back are separated by the _______________ plane.

  19. OK, sooooo……. • Which cavity is the heart found in? • Which cavity contains the spinal cord? • Which cavity contains the ovaries? • Which cavity contains the lungs? • Which cavity consists of the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities? • Which cavity contains the cranial and spinal/vertrebral cavities?

  20. BODY PLANES

  21. Directional Terms

  22. Body cavitIes

  23. Abdominal Quadrants and Regions

  24. Superior vs Inferior The forehead is ________ to the nose. The lips are _________ to the chin. The heart is _________ to the liver. The umbilicus is ______ to the breastbone The knee is ____ to the hip The stomach is ______ to the lungs

  25. Anterior vs Posterior The breatbone is _______ to the spine Your front teeth are ______ to your back teeth. The esophagus is _______ to the trachea The spine is _______ to the heart

  26. Medial vs Lateral The nose is _______ to the ears. The lungs are ______ to the heart.

  27. Proximal vs Distal The elbow is ______ to the wrist The femur is ______ to the tibia The knee is _____ to the thigh The fingers are_______ to the elbow

  28. Superficial Vs Deep The skin is _________ to the muscles The epidermis is__________ to the dermis The organs are ____ in relation to the skin Sinuses are ________ in relation to the nose

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