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Theories & Models for Public Intervention

Theories & Models for Public Intervention. HSC 489. Why theory? Why models?. Provides a foundation Saves time & effort Furthers the profession Strengthens future efforts. A theory is… Summary of formal or informal observations presented in a systematic way

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Theories & Models for Public Intervention

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  1. Theories & Models for Public Intervention HSC 489

  2. Why theory? Why models? • Provides a foundation • Saves time & effort • Furthers the profession • Strengthens future efforts

  3. A theory is… Summary of formal or informal observations presented in a systematic way Helps to explain, predict, describe, or manage behavior developed over time A model is… based on a theory A how to A framework (guidelines) for intervention Remember this? : Theory versus Model

  4. The Parts of A Theory • Concepts – the primary elements of the theory • Constructs – a concept developed or adopted for use in a particular theory • Variables – operational forms of constructs (determine how a construct will be measured)

  5. Some Useful Theories/Models • Stimulus Response Theory • Social Cognitive Theory • Theory of Reasoned Action • Theory of Planned Behavior • Health Belief Model • Transtheoretical Model (SofC)

  6. Stimulus Response Theory • Based on (classical & instrumental) Conditioning • Learning results from events (reinforcements) • Consequences of behavior • Reinforcement (Negative and Positive) or Punishment (Negative and Positive)

  7. Efficacy Expectations: Self-efficacy Believe you can! It’s not self-esteem It’s task-specific Developed through shaping Outcome Expectations: Believe it will make a difference! Reciprocal determinism: person, behavior, environment Locus of control: internal vs. external Social Cognitive Theory: Efficacy + Outcome Expectations

  8. Individuals become more self-efficacious in 4 ways: • Thru performance accomplishments • Thru vicarious experience • A result of verbal persuasion • Thru emotional arousal arousal

  9. Three More Theories/Models: In A Nutshell... Theory of Reasoned Action Short Version of TPB • Theory of Planned • Behavior • attitude toward beh. • subjective norm • Intention • perceived behavioral control • = behavior Health Belief Model Perceived threat = perceived susceptibility + perceived severity Perceived barriers

  10. Transtheoretical Model Stages of Change Theory • Precontemplation • Contemplation • Preparation • Action • Maintenance • Decisional Balance • Self-Efficacy • Processes of Change

  11. Stimulus Response T. Social Cognitive T. T. of Reasoned Action T. of Planned Behavior Health Belief M. Transtheoretical M. What was that?!

  12. Use micro & macro Avoid scare tactics Avoid mandates Foster ownership Build incentives, attach to rewards Shape behaviors Use social support Intervention Ideas

  13. Resources • Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health Promotion Practice (NIH pub) http://cancer.gov/cancerinformation/theory-at-a-glance

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