QURANIC GRAMMAR AS-SARF “Morphology of the words” Lesson 7

QURANIC GRAMMAR AS-SARF“Morphology of the words”Lesson 7 Lessons from the book MABADE” ALA’RABIYAH – basics of Arabic Grammar RASHEED SHARTOONI Compiled by: Sheikh Safdar Razi Ali

Types of Masdar • Masdar is the infinitive noun (derived from a past tense verb normally ). It signifies the occurrence of an action or the existence of a state. • The types of Masdar: • MASDAR SAREEH ( the regular) • Masdar Meemi • Masdar Sinaa'e – Artificial Infinitive • Masdar of Oneness / Unity and type • Masdar Moawal

THE MĪMĪ INFINITIVE (ALMASDAR ALMIMI) • It is formed from all verbs by adding a mīm (prefix). • The mīmī infinitive is formed from triliteral verbs in the form مَفعَل for example: .مَنظَر • It is formed from the letter verb Mafalمفعل Nazara (Look)  Manzarun نَظَرَ -> منَظَرٌ Dharaba (Hit) Madhrabunضَرَبَ -> مَضرَبٌ • The exceptions to this are quasi-sound verbs whose first root letter is a vowel letter, these will be in the form مَفعِل , for example: .مَوعِد • If the first letter was a vowel letter then it will be on scale of Mafe’l مفعلExample: • Wa Qa Aa  MowQeAa وَقَعَ -> مَوقِع

11-Masdar Meemi vs.noun of time (ZAMAAN) and place (MAKAAN) Note: Noun of Place / Time has the form of Mafal and Mafel. Therefore all Noun of place/time nouns are Masdar Meeme, but not every Masdar Meeme is a noun of place/time. Mafalمفعل similar to ISM MAKAAN مطبخ – اسم مكان kitchen =MATBAKH Mafe’l مفعلsimilar to ISM ZAMAAN مغرب – اسم زمان sunset = MAGHRIB This will be further studied in detail

12- Masdar Meemi • The mīmī infinitive is formed from verbs with more than three letters by placing them in the passive presentence (MAJHOOL) YOFA’LO يفعلvoice of the present tense and replacing the present tense prefix letter with a mīm which has a dummah, , and a Fatha before the last letter. • for example: AKRAMA> YOKRIMO> MOKRAMO • مُکرَم<< يكرم << أكرم • Ufa’elo  Mufa’alo • Qarraba (to be close) قَربَ Present Tense YoQareBa يُقرَب  MuQaraba مُقربَ • ZalZala زلزل (Earthquake)YuZilZeLu يُزلزِل ManZelZalu مُزَلزَلُ Please Note: This form also applies to Object noun (ISIM Mafool). Thus every Object noun is a Masdar Meem but not every Masdar Meem is an object noun.

Masdar Meem Some words become Masdar Meem by adding a circle Ta. Haba حبّ(Love) محبةMoHabatun NaFaAa نفع(Benefit)  منفعةManFaAah

The noun of MASDAR (INFINITIVE) • A noun of an infinitive noun is a word which indicates the meaning of an infinitive and it has less letters than its original verb either literally or implicitly, • for example: noun of the infinitive noun or ISIM AL- MASDAR العطاءa gift derived from the MASDAR الإعطاء which is derived from the verb gave اعطى

Masdar Sinaa'e المصدر الصناعي • Artificial Infinitive is an infinitive that makes a noun collective / “entire kind”. For example Human Artificial Infinitive  Humanity. • The noun is suffixed with a Relating Ya and a Circle Taa is added at the end. • Insaan انسان (Human)  Insaaneyyah انسانية (Humanity) • Islam اسلام islamiyaah اسلامية

Masdar of Oneness /Unity=FA’LAH • Masdar of Oneness / Unity is a noun that indicates an action happening once. • The tri-lettered form is on the scale of Fa’latun or FA’LAH فَعلَةًفعل > • DhaRaBa (he Hit) ضَرَبَ-> DhaRaBTan ضَربَةً (A Hit) • For Non Tri-Lettered, it is suffixed with a circle Ta: • In TalaQa انطلق InTalaqatan انطلاقةً He left  A Leaving

Masdar of Type= FE’LAH • Masdar of Type is a noun that indicate a certain “type” of behavior. • The behavior is determined by the context of the sentence. • Example: “I was at the grocery store and Joe gave me a look” The “type” of look is determined by the context and not specified in Masdar of Type. • Tri-lettered noun are on the scale of Fe’latun or FE’LAH • فعل>فعلة. • Nazara (he Looked)-> NizRah نظر > نظرة a look • Jalasa (he sat down)  Jelsah جلس> جلسة a sitting There is no particular form for non tri-lettered. • التفت he observed ألتفاتة an observation

QURANIC GRAMMAR AS-SARF “Morphology of the words” Lesson 7