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Section 3.1

Section 3.1. Matter Study Guide. Matter. Anything that has a mass and a volume. States of Matter. Solid. Liquid. Gas. Plasma. Close up view of atoms and their behavior. Animated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/. Transitions Between the States of matter.

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Section 3.1

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  1. Section 3.1 Matter Study Guide

  2. Matter • Anything that has a mass and a volume

  3. States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Close up view of atoms and their behavior Animated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/

  4. Transitions Between the States of matter

  5. Transitions between states of matter

  6. Atoms • The building blocks of Matter • Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), • and Neutrons (N). Elements • Consists of only one kind of atom, • Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means • Can exist as either atoms or molecules (more than 1 atom bonded together) Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

  7. Molecules • A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. • In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms • (N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule .

  8. Compounds • Atoms of two or more different elements bound together. • Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically. In the animation above, water (H20) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen. Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html

  9. Carbon Dioxide – CO2 (1 atom of carbon and two atoms of • Oxygen) • Water – H2O (2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen) Compounds Compounds contain more than one type of atom! Example of organic compound (a compound with carbon atoms): Example of inorganicc compound (a compound without carbon atoms):

  10. - + IONS An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge!! • A particle with a neutral charge has the same number of • protons and electrons. • An ion does not have the same number of electrons and protons. • Examples of ions: • He+ - A helium atom that is missing one electron. • The atom has one more proton than electron, • and must have a positive charge.

  11. Organic

  12. Mixtures • They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical. • Can be separated physically. • Solutions are types mixtures. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

  13. Types of Mixtures: • Heterogonous: • The substances are not uniformly mixed. • Example: Sand in a glass of water.

  14. Mixtures Suspensions • Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts • that are visible to the naked eye. • Substances will settle over time. Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

  15. Types of Mixtures: • Homogonous: • Uniform Distribution. • Example: Sugar and Water • Solutions are homogonous mixtures made up of groups of molecules mixed in a completely even distribution Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

  16. Solute • The substance to be dissolved. Solvent • The one doing the dissolving. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

  17. Making a Solution

  18. Colloids • Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions . • Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

  19. Physical vs. Chemical Change • Changing from one state to another is a • Physical Change. • If a new substance is formed it is a • Chemical Change. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

  20. Physical vs. Chemical Changes Physical Clues Chemical Clues • Change in size • Change in shape • Change in state • Easily reversed • A color change occurs • A new chemical is formed • It is difficult to reverse • Energy in the form of light or heat is given off • Bubbles of gas are formed. A new odor may be noticed.

  21. Station Changes: • 1. Marshmallow melt: melted was physical, burnt is chemical • 2. Rip marshmallow: physical • 3. Alka-seltzer: chemical • 4. Baking soda and vinegar: chemical • 5. Food coloring: physical • 6. vinegar and milk: chemical • 7. sugar cube: physical

  22. Continued answers • 8. rusty nail: chemical • 9. burning candle: both • 10. Toast burnt: chemical • 11: Baking a cake: chemical • 12: cutting paper: physical • 13. stretching rubber band: physical • 14. Melting ice/boiling water and evaporating water are all physical

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