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20 th Century Latin America

20 th Century Latin America. >1 political party Universal suffrage (all adults). DEMOCRACY. Free Elections. High levels of education & literacy Economic security Freedoms of speech, press & assembly. Citizen Participation. All citizens equal before the law Shared national identity

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20 th Century Latin America

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  1. 20th Century Latin America

  2. >1 political party • Universal suffrage (all adults) DEMOCRACY Free Elections • High levels of education & literacy • Economic security • Freedoms of speech, press & • assembly Citizen Participation • All citizens equal before the law • Shared national identity • Protection of individual rights • (e.g., religion) • Representatives elected by people Majority Rule w/ Minority Rights • Gov’t based on tradition & law • Widespread civics education • Acceptance of majority decisions • Shared belief no one is above law Constitutional Gov’t

  3. Following Mexican Revolution, government passed Constitution of 1917 1920-1934 military generals elected president & National Revolutionary Partycreated 1934-1940 President Cardenas Promoted labor rights Carried out land reform Nationalized oil industry Mexico

  4. 1946 name change  Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) Election fraud ensured gov’t control Severe economic problems (lack of jobs, land and huge foreign debt) 1968 – Student protest at Aztec ruins resulted in hundreds dead 1994 – Chiapas revolt (Zapatistas) led armed revolt for social & economic reforms (esp. for Maya) 2000 – PRI lost Presidential election to Vincente Fox (PAN) Mexico (cont.)

  5. 1946 – 1955 Juan Peron (former milt.) est. a dictatorship w/ wife Eva (“Evita”) until shortly after her death in 1952 Lots of social welfare programs Limited foreign-owned business w/ import substitution (local manufacturers produce goods at home to replace imported goods) Limited freedoms Argentina

  6. 1955 milt. coup  by mid-1970 economy was in ruins & terrorism was on the rise 1976 milt. coup by Lt. Gen. Jorge Rafael Videla seized power & imposed martial law  state terrorism led to the disappearance of 20,000 “desaparesidos” 1983 Raul Alfonsin elected President  democracy restored, but economic problems persist despite 1989 Carlos Menem (Peronist) → econ. problems 1999 Fernando de la Rua → resigned in 2001 (econ. problems) May 2003 – Nestor Kirchner (Peronist) elected & first time that econ. has seen a turn around – his wife Cristina Fernández de Kirchner elected 2007 Argentina (cont.)

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