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The Federal Budget Process: Effects on Child Feeding Programs

The Federal Budget Process: Effects on Child Feeding Programs. Keith-Thomas Ayoob, EdD, RD, FADA March 2, 2009 School Nutrition Association. Where we came from. NSLA of 1946 General national policy Focus on protecting kids against nutritional deficiencies Outlet for surplus commodities.

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The Federal Budget Process: Effects on Child Feeding Programs

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  1. The Federal Budget Process:Effects on Child Feeding Programs Keith-Thomas Ayoob, EdD, RD, FADA March 2, 2009 School Nutrition Association

  2. Where we came from • NSLA of 1946 • General national policy • Focus on protecting kids against nutritional deficiencies • Outlet for surplus commodities

  3. Where we came from • Child Nutrition Act of 1966 • School breakfast established • To help meet the nutritional needs of low income families • First large-scale entitlement feeding program for children

  4. Where we came from • Dietary Guidelines for Americans of 1995: • Standard established for school meals • Goal: to minimize risk of chronic diet-related diseases • Prevention of more than just nutritional deficiencies • Beyond commodities • And then………………..

  5. Old Problem: “Malnourished Kids” "MISNOURISHED KIDS" New Problem:

  6. BRAVE NEW WORLD • Kids have food everywhere • Kids eat food everywhere • Kids got fatter

  7. BRAVE NEW WORLD • “Childhood obesity is the #1 health problem in children” • “Today’s kids will have shorter lives than their parents” • “SOMEONE is to blame for this…”

  8. WHERE WE NEED TO BE • “Optimal nutrition” • Obesity prevention • Disease prevention but there’s just one thing……....

  9. …the “local wellness policy” • A festival of individualization at the district level • Community-driven, parent-focused • Budget can conflict with reality • Often where philosophy trumps the science

  10. Local policy “wish list” components include… • Organic food • Organic local food • No sugar • No HFCS • No gluten • No eggs • No dairy • No peanuts • Nothing that could possibly cause an allergy • Low-glycemic foods only

  11. What you need: ONE NATIONAL POLICY • Meets the needs of MOST children • Supplies the good stuff • Minimizes the bad stuff (excesses, including LNED foods)

  12. What you need: ONE NATIONAL POLICY • Keeps up with DGAs without “overachieving” • National policy means national funding • Can drive reformulation of foods by industry

  13. Why school meals work • Breakfast & lunch participants: • 4 X more likely to drink milk • Eat more fruits and vegetables • Get more calcium & potassium – nutrients of concern • Non-participants: • More likely to eat LNED snacks & desserts • Drink more junk beverages – 4 X more likely Gordon, et al, JADA 2009

  14. Do they eat breakfast? • Children who eat breakfast… • score higher on tests3 • have better school attendance2 • have better diets • Iron, Zinc, Vitamin A, B Vitamins, Calcium1 • may be less likely to be overweight 40% of children don’t eat breakfast everyday1 1 General Mills Bell Institute of Health & Nutrition Dietary Intake Research 2 Wahlstrom et al. Top Clin Nutr 1999 3 Murphy et al. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998

  15. How it’s working • Fresh fruit offered (50% of menus vs. 41%) • i.e. an increase of 25% • Whole milk decreased by 40%, flavored skim milk increased by 40% -- a GOOD thing

  16. Where you have problems • Competitive foods, especially LNED ones • Compliance with national standards • Too much sodium • Low fiber • Too much fat & saturated fat

  17. How often is it “The only meal for the day?”

  18. How communities “overachieve” • NY and school milk

  19. February 2, 2006: “In New York Schools, Whole Milk Is Cast From the Menu” • Also removed (2006): • 2% milk • 1% chocolate milk • All other flavored milk RESULT: Milk consumption drops 10% in 2006

  20. Flavored milk: Friend or foe? • 2763 children 6-11 years 1125 teens, 12-17 years • 3 groups: • Non-consumers of flavored milk • 0-240 g • >240 g Johnson, R et al, 2002, JADA

  21. Flavored milk • Flavored milk drinkers had: • More calcium ~100-150 mg/day • No additional intake in added sugars • Lower intake of soft drinks/fruit drinks Johnson, R et al, 2002, JADA

  22. AAP Policy Statement:Prevention of pediatric overweight & obesity “Dietary practices should be fostered that encourage moderation rather than overconsumption, emphasizing healthful choices rather than restrictive eating patterns.”

  23. What RDs want (and where a national standard could help) • Update to 2005 DGAs • Age-appropriate portions • Cut fat and sodium where possible • Make participation cool again • Address competitive foods

  24. Follow the 2005 DGAs • Whole grains • Fruits and vegetables (attn: legumes) • Low-fat/fat-free milk

  25. Age-appropriate portions and calories • Base on age and ACTIVITY level • Currently: 1989 REA for active kids

  26. Cut fat & sodium • More unprocessed entrees • Semi-scratch cooking • Work with vendors to drive reformulation • Advocate for USDA to lower fat/sodium in commodities • Ditch the deep-fries

  27. Make it cool again • Emphasize green aspects of healthier eating • Less meat/fat/processed food, more plant-based food • Fewer competitive foods mean more participation • Emphasize that “kids who eat school meals have healthier diets overall”

  28. Communication Research Journal of the American Dietetic Association June 2003

  29. Implications from Research • Students and parents: common interests but different information needs • Students—“fun,” “cool,” and “not boring” • Parents—“quick,” “easy to use,” and “credible” • Redefine “fitness,” “healthy eating,” and “health” • Facilitate communication between students, parents, and school nutrition personnel

  30. Address competitive foods • Participation goes up when they’re not around • Often a nutritional nightmare • Usually an image problem • Responsible for a day’s worth of “discretionary calories” just at lunch • Keep vending machines to “better-for-you” options

  31. WHAT SNA NEEDS MOST • Legislation for a single national wellness policy • Ensure all legislation is FUNDED

  32. Address the role of parents • Necessary partners with SNA • Primary influencers • Family meals • Expose kids to a wide range of foods • Model good eating behavior

  33. REMEMBER THE GOAL HEALTHIER CHILDREN

  34. Keith-Thomas Ayoob, EdD, RD, FADA Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine 718-430-3970 x6412 ktayoob@msn.com

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