Integration of novel methods in teaching practices The necessity for research know-how transfer

1. Integration of novel methods in teaching practices The necessity for research know-how transfer Vivi Tornari, 1 Foundation for Research and Technology/Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Voutes, 71 110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece 2Jana Kolar, National and university library, Turjaska 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3Matija Strlič University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

2. Research in Cultural Heritage Social Aims : • contribute to Europe’s goals for a competitive economy • Support Cultural tourist industry • Know-how Transfer of technology methods and products into conservation practices to accelerate conservation of movable and immovable CH (e/g 1 medium size painting restoration =1 restorer per 6 months, laser cleaning ~30 h, 4000 paintings in NGA storeroom) • Generate emerging competitive markets • Attract SMEs, companies manufacturers and companies service providers to invest in the field of CH (few dedicated SME/EU) • Support to Knowledge-based society • maintain the pioneering role of Europe in preservation of the cultural heritage worldwide • catalyse the establishment of new scientific methodologies • Distribute new instruments, services and know-how

3. Some examples ofNew Technology in Conservation and Restoration of CH 1. Analytical Techniques Laser Spectroscopy: Fluorescence (LIF), Plume (LIBS), Raman, Neutron sources, synchrotrons, chemiluminescence 2. Structural techniques Laser Interferometry: Holography, Vibrometry 3. Imaging Techniques Multispectral Imagingfrom UV toIR 4. Laser Cleaning Fundamental studies, Cleaning controlon-line, Cleaning workstations Immediate or long-term effects (Photochemical, thermalandphotomechanical 5. Holographic sensors: authenticity control 6. Fiber and holography sensors: environmental monitoring 7. Services: best practices and standards etc.

4. Main Advantages in CH applications • Analytical and diagnostic instrumentation: Enhanced Information on composition and structural integrity • Non-destructive or micro-destructive • Non sample removal, Highly sensitive • Advanced Imaging techniques • Portable for in situ applications • Fast and repeatable diagnosis and restoration • Applicable to movable and immovable art • etc

5. PRIORITY RISK MAP “RELATIVE MICRO-DISPLACEMENT” 2μm/cm 1,6μm/cm 1,2μm/cm 0,8μm/cm Saint Sebastian, (attr. to Rafaelo) 0,4μm/cm Some examples…. Structural Diagnostics by holographic interferometry

6. Laser Cleaning After Laser Cleaning Before Laser Cleaning Cross Section Profile Illumination 17th Century Icon fully wheathered! Any mechanical or chemical means for its conservation werefound inappropriate!

7. LIF spectra of an 18th century oil painting Fluorescence emission differentiates between retouching and original paint λexc = 355 nm; Nd:YAG laser 3rd harmonic

8. Portable Structural instrumentation • Defect mapping • Age differentiation • Environmental impact Knights Crypt, Malta Integrated multitask diagnosis system (LaserACT EVK4-CT-2002-00096)

9. Elements in the turnover of the CH sector* Why no investment from SMEs ? *Reference 1) “Cultural Heritage Monuments and historic buildings as value generators in a postindustrial economy” by Dr. T. Nypan, Direcotrate for Cultural Heritage, Norway.

10. Increased tourism means increased preservation costs Dedicated cultural heritage tourist spends more money when travelling than other tourists, approx daily spending is 60% higher than other tourists / travellers. “Dossier Musei 2005”, I Dossier del Touring Club Italiano.

11. … But what is the situation ? No target group for SMEs Source: DCH Norway, European Automobile Association, European Chemical Industry Association, 2002

12. ..The problem of know-how transfer EC and National funded CH Research Public Increase in Cultural Access Increase demand in restoration actions Increased investment and jobs Novel methods Education SMEs Endusers ? No training No SMEs No diffusion = No impact Hypothetical progress But… Established University courses addressing CH are primarily linked to architecture and civil engineers schools !!! The rare and spread approval for EC funded courses (e.g RAPHAEL) is fragmented Rare SMEs organized courses are expensive and for limited number of students How many conservation students can be updated on research results and how How many schools around Europe exist for such a purpose How many conservation departments are equipped with relevant teachers or training laboratories and why not ?

13. Roadmap for Social impact of Know-how transfer • Educational Training familiarises endusers with novel methods/technology results • Familiarised users request frequent updating • Requests create demands • Demands create new markets • New markets attract or create SMEs • SMEs investment attract or create new research • Research boosts economy growth • Economy growth in CH safeguards preservation Recent Examples: -COST G7 Workshop Ljubljana 2005 80 applicants -Project Demo Laseract Paris 2006 ~110 applicants

14. Recommendations • Apply mechanisms for research dissemination to CH organisations • Enhance dissemination of products/services to SMEs • Funding for new methods into courses and teaching practices • Training in research results for both tutors and students • EU funding should require tangible research results and in turn explore and invest on them (patents, spin-offs, programs,….) • Funded Research perspectives being put by networking committees of involved scientists and technology providers • Education providers and Endusers being regularly updated and informed by EC dedicated programs in pan-European level

15. CH RESEARCH

16. Thank you for your attention