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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. The First Global Civilization: The Rise of Islam. Before Islam. Bedouin Nomadic Herders Small trading towns Clan Identity Shaykhs Rivalries Trade Mecca (Umayyad clan of Quraysh) Ka’ba Medina (2 bedouin and 3 Jewish clans). Mecca. Before Islam. Family life

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 The First Global Civilization: The Rise of Islam

  2. Before Islam • Bedouin • Nomadic Herders • Small trading towns • Clan Identity • Shaykhs • Rivalries • Trade • Mecca (Umayyad clan of Quraysh) • Ka’ba • Medina (2 bedouin and 3 Jewish clans)

  3. Mecca

  4. Before Islam • Family life • Women had more freedom, Husbands away • Tribal Councils • Poetry • Only major art form • Polytheistic

  5. Muhammad and Islam’s origins • Prominent Family and Clan (raised by family members of clan due to Dad and Mom dying) • His Uncle and Grandfather • Mecca • Khadijah • Travel and Trade • 610-Gabriel • Qur’an

  6. Muhammad and Islams Origins con’t • Preaching in Mecca • Umayyads • Threatening the Ka’ba’s gods • Ali • Medina • Muhammad’s triumphs

  7. Islam • Bedouins and early Arabian town dwellers • Appeals to Arabs • Umma (community of the faithful) • Law code • Refinement of Jewish and Christian revelations • Egalitarianism

  8. Islam con’t • 5 Pillars • The Confession of Faith “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His Prophet” • Prayer • Ramadan • Zakat • Hajj

  9. The Arab Empire of the Umayyads • 632 Muhammad dies suddenly (with no successor) • Split leads to fighting and eventual consolidation. • Eventually they dominate Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Persia • Expansion- Jihad and exposing weakness of neighbors

  10. The Sunni/Shi’a Split • Ali • Abu Baker-named Caliph • Uthman’s death- Medina vs Mecca • Ali and mediation • Ali’s son, Iraq, Karbala • Shi’a don’t recognize Caliphs (except Ali) • Overtime, factional disputes, differences in ritual, beliefs, and law have widen the differences (Fragmentation of Shi’a also has added to the problem)

  11. Umayyad • Move to Damascus after Uthman’s death • Bureaucracy-made up of Arab warrior elite/aristocrats • Only Arab males were 1st class citizens • Uneven sharing of wealth • No tax (but Zakat) • Converts –mawali-still had to pay taxes and head tax for non believers • Dhimmi- Xians and Jews (also will include Zorastrians and Hindus)

  12. Umayyad decline • Luxury lifestyle turns people against them • Warriors settled in the East (Iran) and intermarry and identify with locals, despise Damascus • Abbasid (descent from Muhammad’s uncle, al-Abbas) • Make alliances with mawali, Shi’a, and other dissidents • Caliphate of Cordoba

  13. The Abbasid • Brutally put down the Umayyad • Go after Shi’a and other former allies • Absolutist imperial order- bureaucracy • Baghdad • Persian Influence • Jewel thrones, large harems, palaces, etc. • Wazir • Farther from the capital, less enforcement of laws

  14. Abbasid con’t • Conversion and acceptance of Arabs and non-Arabs into Umma • Conversion-no head tax and… • Advancing in schooling and launch careers in trading, administration and judges • Persians-administrators, eventually run empire

  15. Abbasid Economy • Revived commercial system • Han and Roman collapse saw a decline revived by Arab traders and the Tang and Song (china) • dhows • Lots of $$$- reinvesting in land, commercial farms, construction • Charities too-schools, mosques, rest houses, baths, and superior medical care (in comparison to the rest of the world) • Artisans • Ayan

  16. Intellectual development • Alexandria • Great Mosques • Saved Greek learning (Jews also involved) in algebra, geometry, medicine, astronomy, anatomy, and ethics • Aristotle, Galen, Hippocrates, Ptolemy, and Euclid

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