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Feudal Warfare & The Renaissance of the Military Art Major Rascon

Feudal Warfare & The Renaissance of the Military Art Major Rascon. SOURCES. Jones, The Art of War in the Western World , pp. 102-122, 134-141 Preston and Wise, Men In Arms , pp. 65-97 Keegan, The Face of Battle , pp. 79-116. LEARNING OBJECTIVES.

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Feudal Warfare & The Renaissance of the Military Art Major Rascon

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  1. Feudal Warfare &The Renaissance of the Military ArtMajor Rascon

  2. SOURCES Jones, The Art of War in the Western World, pp. 102-122, 134-141 Preston and Wise, Men In Arms, pp. 65-97 Keegan, The Face of Battle, pp. 79-116

  3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Trace the development of the Franks and the Battle of Tours • Know Charlemagne and the beginning of Feudalism • Comprehend the Battle of Hastings • Know the influence of religious and technological factors on the Crusades • Trace the decline of mounted knights, calvary and crossbow and the emergence of the longbow, pike and gunpowder

  4. The Franks • Germanic group • Moved into Roman Gaul around 460 a.d. after the victory • Initially primitive but effective infantry force • Weapons included javelins, swords, daggers and battle axes

  5. FRANKISH DYNASTY The King continued his reign by only allowing his son to rule after him. This established a society of noblemen and commoners or peasants

  6. Charles Martel • Nicknamed “Hammer” • Granted land in exchange for support • Defeated Muslims at Tours, halting the Muslim advance.

  7. BATTLE OF TOURS 732 • Muslims moving West from Spain • Hammer’s infantry and cavalry vs Muslim infantry • Stalemate until Moslem emperor was killed. • Defeat effectively ended the Moslem advance

  8. King Charlemagne • Hammer’s Grandson • Crowned Holy Roman Emperor • First Roman on the throne in 300 years • Feudalism, Christ and Calvary

  9. FEUDALISM • Vassalage- a system where land is offered in return for protection or service. • Charlemagne required newly conquered lands to provide soldiers to his army dependent on the size of the area of the townships. • Similar to electoral votes, soldiers instead of senators.

  10. Frankish Cavalry • Calvary increased under Charlemagne • Stirrup introduced in early 800s • Began shift in focus that ended with cavalry as the primary arm by 900 • Now the Knight rode an armored horse into battle

  11. The Fall of Charlemagne • After his death his empire fell, partly because of a civil war among the people • Mostly due to a three direction raid by the Arabs, the Magyars, and The Vikings • The Vikings (Normans) became the dominant power in the land

  12. WILLIAM THE CONQUERER • King of the Normans • Crowned on his 18th birthday • Worked a deal with his cousin, King Edward of England, to succeed him on the throne of England but the people chose Harold of Essex so…

  13. William the Conqueror Normans considered best horsemen 12 K Calvary 20 K infantry Harold of Essex Had a foothold and fortification 25 k infantry BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066

  14. BASICS OF HASTINGS • Harold countermarches to meet William • Normans under William destroyed the English due to calvary and archers shooting “plunging fire” • Crossbow developed • Penetrated knights armor • Required transition from chain mail to armor

  15. CRUSADES 1095-1274 • TO RID THE “HOLY LANDS” OF THE CONTROL OF MOHAMMED AND THE MOSLEMS • 8 CRUSADES IN TOTAL • MUCH DEATH

  16. Richard I “LIONHEART” • Set out to recover Jerusalem • Developed new defensive tactic to deal with horse archers • Pikes in front • Ranks of crossbowmen • Offensive • Combined-arms task organization • Delayed action to train together • Sea-based logistics • Light-fighters • Contingency plan

  17. Demise of Feudalism • Used long pikes to withstand the calvary charge • Halberd- weapon designed to unseat the horsemen • Longbow- twice as powerful as crossbow

  18. GUNPOWDER • Changed castle warfare forever • Invention of the cannon • Castle walls crumbled under cannonball fire • Most castles reduced to ruble • Video-8min (Feudal SOG)

  19. Horsemen Undone • Heavier armor to withstand the blow of a high powered arrow • Too heavy- lost mobility if knocked off the horse • Heavy Calvary horse carried 150 pounds plus rider and armor

  20. FRANKS MARTEL/TOURS CHARLEMAGNE CRUSADES WILLIAM BATTLE OF HASTINGS KNIGHTS ARMOR WEAPONS SUMMARY

  21. QUESTIONS?

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