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1. The Eukaryotic Cell The Basic Unit of Life

2. Why a Eukaryotic Cell? • Eu= true • Eukaryotic Cell • Has membrane bound-organelles • One of these organelles is a true nucleus • Organisms with Eukaryotic Cells • Kingdom Protista • Kingdom Fungi • Kingdom Plantae • Kingdom Animalia

3. Plasma Membrane Found in: • Plant & Animal Cells Functions: • Boundary between the cell and the environment • “Gatekeeper” of the cell • Maintains different conditions inside and outside of the cell • Allows materials to enter and exit • Gives the cell its shape and flexibility

4. Hydrophobic Tail Hydrophilic Head Protein

5. Cell Wall Found in: • Plant cells • Also found in fungi cells, and bacterial cells but is composed of a different substances Function: • Protects and supports the cell Structure: • Inflexible outer boundary surrounding the plasma membrane • In plants it is made of a polysaccharide; cellulose

7. Nucleus Found in: • Plant & Animal Cells Function: • Control center of the cell • Contains genetic material called chromatin • Chromatin= DNA + protein mixture Structure: • Surrounded by a nuclear envelope/membrane

9. Nucleolus Found in: • Plant & Animal Cells Function: • Manufactures ribosomes Structure: • Spherical structure inside the nucleus

10. Cytoplasm Found in: • Plant & Animal Cells Function: • Site of many chemical reactions Structure: • “Fluid” inside the plasma membrane

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum Found in: • Plant & Animal Cells Function: • “Subway” system of the cell • Move materials through the cell Structure: • Extensive system of internal membranes • Rough” - contain ribosomes and manufactures proteins • “Smooth” - Lipid synthesis and transport

13. Ribosomes Found in: • Plant & Animal Cells Function: • Site where enzymes and proteins are assembled Structure: • Found on the “Rough ER” and also free in the cytoplasm

14. Golgi Apparatus Found in: • Plant & Animal Cells Function: • Receives proteins from the ER (packaged in vesicles) then packages, processes and distributes them to the rest of the cell Structure: • Series of stacked, flattened membrane sacs

16. Vacuole Found in: • Plant & Animal Cells • Often very large in plant cells Function: • Temporary storage for water, food, enzymes, waste, and other materials Structure: • Hollow, membrane-bound storage center

18. Lysosomes Found in: • Animal Cells Function: • Contain digestive enzymes • Digest and recycle used cell parts • Rapid breakdown of protein, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates Structure: • Membrane bound structure

19. Mitochondria Found in: • Plant & Animal Cells Function: • Break down food molecules into energy for use by the body • “Power house” of the cell Structure: • Oval shaped with folded internal membrane (increases surface area)

21. Chloroplasts Found in: • Plants cells • Algae (plant-like protists) Function: • Site of photosynthesis • Converts energy of the sun into chemical energy (glucose) Structure: • Oval shaped with stacked internal membranes (increase surface area)

23. Cytoskeleton Found in: • Plant & Animal Cells Function: • Thin protein fiber “scaffold” that protects the organelles and give cells their shape Structure: • Made of microtubules and microfilaments

24. Cell Locomotion • Both of the following are found in animal cells • Flagella • Long projections that move with a whiplike motion • Usually only one or two per cell • Cilia • Short hairlike projections that beat in a coordinated wave • Usually quite numerous