Hoofed Animals

1. Hoofed Animals • Follow along with your chart and make any additions or corrections that you may need. (If you need a replacement chart, tell the teacher now!) • Remember that you will be allowed to utilize this resource during the exam. • The deer family is cervidae. If the family is anything other than cervidae, it is not in the deer family.

2. Black-tailed Deer Young Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Cervidae Genus: Odocoileus Species: columbianus Doe and fawn

3. Found in the Pacific Northwest, especially in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Native to North America Sexual Dimorphism: Buck :only males grow antlers Preferred Habitat: Forests and edge

4. Feeding: Blacktails are browsersin winter and early spring and then mix in grasses and a wide variety of herbs, as well as browse, in summer and fall. Breeding: Blacktails are polygamous.They use scent to locate each other during the breeding period. Males tend to follow one female at a time until breeding occurs or a larger male comes along and displaces them. Distinguishing Features: -Smallest of the three native deer species (mule, black- tailed, white-tailed). - Antlers in forked pairs, like mule deer. - Almost no rump patch with wide, black-surfaced tail. - Light face and muzzle but forehead not dark. - When startled will run with high, stiff-legged bounce.

5. Mule Deer Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Cervidae Genus: Odocoileus Species: hemionus Found throughout the entire western United States, including the four deserts of the American Southwest . Buck Native to North America Preferred Habitat: Brushy vegetation Doe

6. Feeding: Mule Deer are browsers and eat a great variety of vegetable matter, including fresh green leaves, twigs, lower branches of trees, and various grasses. Fawn Breeding: Mule deer are polygamous.They use scent to determine when females are ready for breeding. Males may gather groups of females during peek breeding season and fight to defend the group. • Distinguishing Features: • Large ears that move constantly (like a mule) • Peculiar and distinctive bounding leap • Dark forehead marking • Antlers in forked pairs on males only

7. Sika Deer – often called “Asian Elk” Preferred Habitat: Forests or Marshy terrains Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Cervidae Genus: Cervus Species: nippon Cows or Hinds Bull or Stag They are inhabitants of Japan and live naturally throughout eastern Asia, including parts of Korea, Siberia, China, Vietnam, Taiwan.They have been introduced inNew Zealand, Europe, Australia, andseveral US states, including Maryland, Virginia, Texas, Oklahoma and Wisconsin.

8. Feeding: Some sika deer are considered grazers while others are browsers. It depends on the geographic location. Sika deer feed on plants, grasses, marsh vegetation and agricultural crops. Calves Breeding: Males are polygamous and gather harems of females during the breeding season. They use a “bugling” call and scent to attract females and defend their territory/harem. • Distinguishing Features: • - Antlers sweep backward(males only) • Maintain spots into adulthood • Flare a white rump patch when alarmed • Males have a dark mane during the rut

9. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Cervidae Genus: Cervus Species: elaphus Rocky Mountain Elk – also called “Wapiti” Bull with 3 Cows Today, about one million elk live in the western United States, Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee and North Carolina, and from Ontario west in Canada Elk are native to North America

10. Preferred Habitat: Woodlands with large open areas Feeding: Elk are grazers. Elk prefer grass, but regularly feed on shrub and browse species during winter months. Bulls in velvet

11. Breeding:Elk are polygamous. Males use “bugling” vocalizations and scent to attract a harem of females during the breeding season. They will fight to defend their harem. Bull bugling • Distinguishing Features: • Much larger than deer or caribou. • Second largest member of the • deer family. • Large, cream colored rump patch • Both sexes have upper canine teeth called “ivories”. • Males antlers sweep gracefully back over the shoulders Calf

12. In North America, the moose range includes almost all of Canada (excluding the arctic), most of Alaska, northern New England and upstate New York, the Rocky Mountains, northeastern Minnesota, Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, and Isle Royale in Lake Superior.  Moose are native to North America Moose Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Cervidae Genus: Alces Species: alces Bull

13. Preferred Habitat: Boreal forests & wetlands Feeding: Moose are browsers. During fall and winter, moose consume large quantities of willow, birch, and aspen twigs. During summer, moose feed on vegetation in shallow ponds and the leaves of birch, willow, and aspen. Cow with calf Breeding: Moose are polygamous.The bull moose will wallow in his own urine during the breeding season.The scent attracts females. The bulls and the cows both make vocalizations to attract each other during breeding season.

14. Distinguishing Features: • Largest member of the deer family • Long legs • Humpat the front shoulder blades • Flap of skin on the neck called a dewlap or “bell” (Both sexes) • Large palmate antlers on the males only • Long nose with a drooping lip Bull moose

15. Caribou – also called Reindeer Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Cervidae Genus: Rangifer Species: tarandus Bulls Caribou are found in northern regions of North America, Europe, Asia, and Greenland. They are Native to North America.

16. Preferred Habitat: Old conifer forests & tundra Distinguishing Features: - Caribou have large, concave hoofs used as snowshoes, paddles, and shovels. - Caribou are the only member of the deer family in which both sexes grow antlers. Antlers of adult bulls are large and massive; those of adult cows are much shorter and are usually more slender and irregular. Bulls grow palmate surfaces and a shovel between the eyes. These features do not appear on the female’s antlers. Bull Cow

17. Feeding: Caribou are grazing herbivores. In summer, caribou eat the leaves of willows, sedges (grasslike plants), flowering tundra plants, and mushrooms. They switch to lichens, dried sedges and small shrubs for winter. Breeding: Caribou are polygamous. Bull caribou control a space around themselves, and prevent other bulls from breeding with females within their space. Caribou breeding season lasts for only one week. Scent is important to the caribou during their breeding season.

18. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Antilocapridae Genus: Antilocapra Species: americana Pronghorn Antelope Buck, doe, and fawns Found from southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, through the American plains states south to Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and into Mexico. Pronghorns are Native only to North America

19. Preferred Habitat: Open sagebrush grasslands Feeding: Grazing herbivores that generally feed on grass, sagebrush, and other vegetation. Fawn Breeding: Pronghorns are polygamous. Come spring, bucks start defending a territory and amassing a harem of 2-15 does. Scent is used to do this.

20. Distinguishing Features: • - wide, white stripes on their throats. • - white rump patch • - have forked horns that shed each year! • can sprint as fast as 60 mph and can sustain a speed of • 30 mph for miles! • Eyes are unusually large, about 2 inches in diameter • Both genders have horns although the male's are much bigger than the female's.  The male pronghorn's horns can grow to be 10 inches long with a forward-facing prong, or fork, giving the animal its name: pronghorn. Female pronghorn also have horns, but they are much smaller than the males', growing up to 6 inches long. Doe Buck

21. Bison Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Genus: Bison Species: bison Bison are native to North America Prairies and woodlands in isolated pockets through midwestern Canada and the United States.

22. Preferred Habitat: Open grasslands Feeding: Bison are year round grazers. They feed primarly on grasses, but when food is scarce, they will eat vegetation such as sagebrush. Cow and calf Breeding: During the breeding seasons males will bellow - a sound which may carry up to 3 miles. They are polygamous and dominant bulls attempt to keep a small group of females for mating. Scent is also important for communicating during breeding season.

23. Distinguishing Features:  • The shoulders are massive and humped • Have a huge head with a woolly forehead giving the head a mop-like appearance between the horns.   • There is a beard beneath the chin.   •  The short horns are present in both sexes and arch backwards, outwards, and then upwards, curving slightly in at the blunt tips. • The hair is longer in the front than in the rear. The distinction between hair length is most noticeable in males. Bull

24. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Genus: Ovis Species: canadensis Bighorn Sheep Bighorn sheep are native to North America Ranges from Nevada and California to west Texas and south into Mexico.

25. Preferred Habitat: Grassy mountain slopes Feeding: Bighorn are primarily grazers, consuming grasses, sedges, and forbs, but will eat young twigs, leaves, and shoots when preferred food is scarce. Ram Breeding: Bighorn sheep are polygamous. Males fight in head to head combat to establish breeding rights. Scent is used to signal estrus. Ewe with Lamb

26. Distinguishing Features: • Split hooves are sharp-edged with soft middles. • Have white rumps and muzzles. • Both sexes grow horns. Lamb A Rocky Mountain bighorn ram's horns can weigh 30 pounds (more than all the bones in his body combined). Females also have horns, but they are of smaller size. Ewe Ram

27. Mountain Goat Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Genus: Oreamnos Species: americanus Native to North America Mountainous regions in western Canada and the northwestern United States.

28. Preferred Habitat: Steep, rocky cliffs Nanny with kid - Winter coat Feeding: Mountain goats graze on grasses and forbs in summer. They also browse on shrubs and conifers. Their diet is variable in the winter when they feed on mosses, lichens, grasses, shrubs, and conifers. Breeding: Billies (male goats) may travel considerable distances in search of receptive females (nannies). Mountain goats have a polygamous mating system. Both sexes have scent glands that are active during breeding season. Summer coat

29. Distinguishing Features: - A small ridge of long, soft hair on the neck forms a hump.   - A beard is present on the chin in both sexes.   - The black eyes and nose contrast greatly with the otherwise white head and body.   - Split hooves have sharp edges but soft middles for gripping. - Can jump nearly 12 feet in a single bound. - The black, slightly curved horns are found in both sexes Billy in winter coat Did You Know? From around the age of 22 months, it is possible to tell the age of a mountain goat by counting the number of rings on its horns!

30. Nanny with kids (summer) Kids In females the horns reach 9 inches in males about 12 inches. The horns of an adult female are more slender and bend back more sharply towards the tip. Sexes are extremely difficult to differentiate in the field unless the female is accompanied by a kid. Billy (winter)

31. Please keep your completed table in a safe location until the test!