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Hoofed Mammals

Hoofed Mammals. Pronghorns, Deer, Bison, Wild Sheep, Horses. Overview of Ungulates. Majority are cloven-hoofed Native to North America. Ruminant System. Allows them to digest cellulose – a type of complicated fiber. Compartments. Rumen – symbiosis with bacteria

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Hoofed Mammals

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  1. Hoofed Mammals Pronghorns, Deer, Bison, Wild Sheep, Horses

  2. Overview of Ungulates • Majority are cloven-hoofed • Native to North America

  3. Ruminant System • Allows them to digest cellulose – a type of complicated fiber

  4. Compartments • Rumen – symbiosis with bacteria • Reticulum – ‘hardware’ stomach • Omasum – honeycomb & extracts water • Abomasum – ‘true’ stomach with enzymes

  5. Diet of Ungulates • Well duh, they are herbivores! • Primary consumers • Will not eat eggs or flesh?

  6. Pronghorns • Not a true antelope – genetically different than African antelope • Not a deer – genetically different as well

  7. Biography • Deserts to Grasslands, but must be FLAT! • Grazer on grasses and forbs • Defense: eyesight and speed • 50 mph for short distances • Fastest animal in the part of the world!

  8. The Pronghorn Name • Hollow horns, except for a bony core from which new horns grow • Shed in fall after mating season • Does & bucks grow horns

  9. Life as Pronghorn • Born in the late spring/summer • Twins are common • Able to run after only 2 days • Eaten by coyotes and wolves

  10. Where to Hunt in NoDak

  11. Where to Hunt Elsewhere • Wyoming has lots of herds of pronghorn

  12. How to Hunt a Pronghorn

  13. Deer Family • They have antlers, the entire antler is shed • Males have scent glands • Larger members are called bulls, cows and have calves • Smaller members are called bucks, does and have fawns

  14. Scent Glands

  15. Moose • Largest member of the deer family, in the world! • Shoulder height of 8 feet • Mature weight of 1800 pounds • Antler spread of 6 feet • Called an ‘elk’ in Europe

  16. Biography • Live all over Canada and northern great plains states • Live near water if possible and live alone • Eat lush vegetation (rushes) and water plants • Will eat trees and branches in the winter

  17. Life of a Moose • Born in the spring • Calf will stay with mom until driven away before the next calf is born • Cows are very protective of their calves • Bulls will fight over cows • Bulls are NOT aggressive in the ‘off-mating’ season

  18. Where to Hunt in NoDak

  19. Where to Hunt Elsewhere • Cicely, Alaska!

  20. How to Hunt a Moose

  21. Elk • Used to be a national animal with a habitat across most of the US • Was hunted SEVERELY and now extreme restrictions are on it for hunting • Migratory animals that move to the mountains during the summer and plains during the winter

  22. Elk Some More • Size stats • Mature height of 5 feet at the shoulder • Mature bull weight of 800 pounds • Strong swimmers and fast runners • Bulls shed antlers each year that grow from buds • Once mature, the antler size will not get bigger

  23. Life of an Elk • Born in May or June • Will be able to follow cow after a few days, but still vulnerable for up to 3 weeks • Spotted for camouflage • Bulls will battle for harems of cows, not just one cow • Mating season in fall called ‘the rut’ • Eaten by wolves, bears and mountain lions • Eats grasses, forbs, twigs and bark

  24. Where to Hunt in NoDak

  25. Where to Hunt Elsewhere

  26. How to Hunt an Elk • Use a call – male elk ‘bugle’ to challenge rivals

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