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UNIT 1: THE NATURE OF SCIENCE

UNIT 1: THE NATURE OF SCIENCE. GOAL OF SCIENCE. TO EXPLAIN AND UNDERSTAND THE WORLD AROUND US TECHNOLOGY – USING SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AND TOOLS IN A USEFUL WAY CHANGING BODY OF INFORMATION OBSERVATIONS  QUESTIONS  HYPOTHESIS  EXPERIMENT  CONCLUSION

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UNIT 1: THE NATURE OF SCIENCE

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  1. UNIT 1: THE NATURE OF SCIENCE

  2. GOAL OF SCIENCE • TO EXPLAIN AND UNDERSTAND THE WORLD AROUND US • TECHNOLOGY – USING SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AND TOOLS IN A USEFUL WAY • CHANGING BODY OF INFORMATION • OBSERVATIONS  QUESTIONS  HYPOTHESIS  EXPERIMENT  CONCLUSION • THEORY – BEST EXPLANATION SUPPORTED BY MANY DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS ALL LEADING TO THE SAME CONCLUSIONS • LAW – SPECIFIC STATEMENT THAT IS TESTED AND IS BELIEVED TO BE TRUE THROUGHOUT THE UNIVERSE

  3. BIOLOGY CHEMISTRY PHYSICS GEOLOGY ASTRONOMY METEOROLOGY ZOOLOGY BOTANY PALEONTOLOGY ECOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE GENETICS AERODYNAMICS ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY FORENSICS PATHOLOGY FORESTRY BRANCHES OF SCIENCE

  4. Observations vs. Inferences • Observation – information directly collected using the five senses • Qualitative – describes • Color, texture, smell • Quantitative – actual measurable number • Time, distance, amount • Inference – a logical statement based on the observations

  5. SCIENTIFIC METHOD • State the Problem • Research • Form a Hypothesis • An educated guess • Testable • Design an Experiment • Variable – single factor you are testing • Only test 1 in an experiment • Control – setup without the variable • Used for comparison

  6. SCIENTIFIC METHOD • Record and Analyze Data • Dependent variable – what you measure • Responding variable • Independent variable – what you are testing • Manipulated variable • Form a Conlusion • Accept or reject hypothesis • If reject, change hypothesis and repeat • Tell Scientific Community • Retest • Further Testing

  7. Metric System • Advantages: • Powers of 10 • Convert by moving decimals • Universal for all scientist • Converting Metric to Metric • Know prefixes: kilo- (1,000); hecta- (100); deka- (10); base unit (1); deci- (.1); centi- (.01); milli- (.001) • Other prefixes: Giga (1 billion), Mega (1 million), Micro (1 millionth); Nano (1 billionth) • Label prefixes on horizontal line, starting with kilo on left and go to milli on right • Start with what you know and count spaces to get to what you want to convert it to • Move decimal same number of places in same direction

  8. Measuring with the Metric System • Distance • Base Unit - meters • Mass – the amount of matter in an object • Base unit - grams • Weight - force of gravity on an object • Go into outerspace – weight changes, mass does not • Triple beam balance or scale

  9. Measuring with the Metric System • Volume – amount of space an object takes up • Base Unit – Liter • Also can be measure in cubic meters, cubic centimeters, etc. • 1 mL = 1 cm3 • Graduated Cylinder • Meniscus – curved portion of top of liquid • Calculate volume of solid – L X W X H

  10. Measuring with the Metric System • Time • Base unit – seconds • Not always based on units of 10 • 60 sec in 1 minute; 60 min. in 1 hour; 24 hours in 1 day etc. • Temperature – measure of the average speed of molecules • Heat – amount of thermal energy • Base units – degrees celsius or Kelvin • K = oC + 273 oroC = K - 273 • oC = (oF – 32) X .5556 oroF = (1.8 X oC) + 32 • Absolute Zero – coldest temperature possible • 0 K or -273 oC

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