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Human Geogaphy

Explore the study of human geography, including the study of demography, language, religion, customs, political systems, economic systems, and culture.

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Human Geogaphy

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  1. Human Geogaphy Ch. 3 & 4

  2. Human Geography 1. Study of demography, language, religion, customs, political systems, economic systems, and culture 2. Culture: beliefs and actions that define a group of people’s way of life

  3. Defining Culture SOCIETY: A CULTURAL GROUP THAT SHARES A GEOGRAPHIC REGION ETHNIC GROUP: SPECIFIC GROUP THAT SHARES LANGUAGE, CUSTOMS, & COMMON HERITAGE

  4. Where People Live Earth’s population is 6.7 billion Population Density varies however (avg # of ppl per sq. mile) Type of land determines where and how ppl live When a piece of land reaches its carrying capacity, then the land can no longer support any additional organisms

  5. Population Growth BIRTHRATE: # OF LIVE BIRTHS EA. YR PER 1000 PPL MORTALITY-RATE: # OF DEATHS EA. YR PER 1000 PPL

  6. Population Growth FERTILITY RATE: AVG. # OF KIDS A WOMAN HAS DURING HER CHILDBEARING YRS (15-45) INFANT MORTALITY-RATE: # OF DEATHS OF KIDS <1 YR/ 1000 LIVE BIRTHS

  7. Natural Rate of Increase This is the population growth rate. All populations have a typical population increase pattern. This diagram shows that pattern.

  8. Population Pyramids This is a graphic device that shows sex and age distribution of a population. Used to see what type of country it is economically.

  9. Push-Pull Factors Push Factors are those reasons why someone would leave their homeland and migrate to another country. Pull Factors are the reasons why that particular country seems appealing.

  10. When we reach ZERO Population Growth IMMIGRATION (PPL WHO MOVE INTO A COUNTRY) + BIRTHRATES = EMIGRATION (PPL WHO MOVE OUT OF A COUNTRY) + DEATH-RATES

  11. Urban vs. Rural URBANIZATION: THE GROWTH OF CITIES, URBAN GEOGRAPHY – STUDY OF HOW PPL USE SPACE IN CITIES RURAL: COUNTRYSIDE

  12. Cities: birthplace of innovation, CBD, BIG SUBURBS: BUILT UP AREA AROUND CITIES METROPOLITAN AREA: CITY, SUBURBS, & THEIR LINKS

  13. Zoning Residential: where ppl live Industrial: used for manufacturing Commercial: used for private business Central Business District: core of the city, businesses, housing, museums, etc

  14. World Population Growth

  15. Nature of Culture Cultural Hearth: where major trait of human culture developed (Mesopotamia) Language: reflects cultural identity, dialects Religion: supports a culture’s values Technology: availability and impact Social Organization: social class Women & Minorities: often treated as 2nd class citizens

  16. Culture of Technology Innovations: taking existing technology and resources and creating something new Diffusion: spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior Acculturation: society changes b/c it accepts of adopts an innovation

  17. World Language Patterns (3,000- 6,500 languages worldwide)

  18. World Religions

  19. Religion Groups Monotheistic – belief in one god Polytheistic – belief in many gods Animistic – traditional, belief in divine forces of nature

  20. Cultural Convergence When cultures come together through diffusion. Natural blending of cultures.

  21. Cultural Divergence Repressive governments often try to restrict cultural diffusion and so they limit free speech, free press, free assembly, what someone can read or watch on TV or the internet

  22. Economic Systems TRADITIONAL ECONOMY: SUBSISTENCE ECONOMIES, LITTLE SURPLUS, COTTAGE INDUSTRIES COMMAND ECONOMY: ECONOMIC DECISIONS ARE MADE BY THE GOVT. (COMMUNISM)

  23. Economic Systems MARKET ECONOMY: FREE ENTERPRISE, CAPITALISM, LAWS OF SUPPLY & DEMAND, GOVT. REGULATIONS MIXED ECONOMY: SOCIALISM, GOVT. OWNS SOME BUSINESS WHILE PRIVATE INDV. OWN THE REST

  24. Measuring Economic Development GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP): TOTAL VALUE OF ALL GOODS & SERVICES PRODUCED BY A COUNTRY IN 1 YR GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP): TOTAL VALUE OF ALL GOODS & SERVICES PRODUCED WITHIN A COUNTRY IN 1 YR

  25. Natural Resources These are materials in the environment that humans use. They can be renewable or non-renewable

  26. Renewable Resources: constantly being regenerated or replaced by the environment EXAMPLE: SOIL EXAMPLE: WATER

  27. Nonrenewable Resources: take millions of years to replace, minerals in the Earth’s crust FOSSIL FUELS: COAL, OIL, NATURAL GAS FORMED FROM PLANT AND ANIMAL REMAINS MINERALS SUCH AS GOLD, SILVER, TIN, COPPER

  28. Energy Sources NUCLEAR ENERGY: PRODUCED BY FISSION, NEEDS URANIUM (LIMITED), CONCERNS OVER RADIOACTIVE WASTE WATER POWER: FALLING WATER TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY, INCLUDES OCEAN TIDES

  29. Energy Sources WIND POWER: WIND BLOWS TURNING TURBINES & PRODUCE ELECTRICITY GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: HEAT FROM THE EARTH IS USED FOR ELECTRICITY

  30. Solar Energy Energy produced by the sun, also used for electricity, nonrenewable b/c the sun will eventually burn out in about 5 billion years

  31. The Water Problem Water is renewable, but limited 460 million ppl live in water-stressed countries Drought- US donates $532.6 million in food aid for drought stricken countries Irrigation is the biggest consumer of water Pollution is another major issue

  32. Primary Economic Activities Activities that rely directly upon natural resources Ex. Mining, herding, hunting, gathering, fishing, forestry Farming: subsistence farming & commercial farming

  33. Secondary Economic Activities When ppl use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of greater value Ex. Flour, plywood, electrical power Cottage industries – subsistence economies Commercial Industries: clothing, cars, appliances, machinery

  34. Tertiary Economic Activities Activities that serves others Ex. Doctors, lawyers, teachers, judges, hairstylists, mechanics, restaurants, bankers, insurance companies

  35. Quaternary Economic Activities Activities that focus on the acquisition, processing, & sharing of information Ex. Education, government, information processing, and research

  36. Trade Patterns EXPORTS: GOODS SENT OUT OF A COUNTRY IMPORTS: GOODS BROUGHT INTO A COUNTRY

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