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Matter and Its Types in Chemistry

Discover the properties and classifications of matter, including pure substances and mixtures. Learn about elements, compounds, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, solutions, and alloys in this insightful guide.

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Matter and Its Types in Chemistry

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  1. Matter- Chap 3

  2. Matter vs Non-matter

  3. The “Types” of Matter

  4. What is Matter? • Matter - has mass and volume.

  5. States of Matter

  6. Phase Diagram

  7. Not all matter has the same melting/boiling temperatures! • http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/Matter/PhaseChanges.htm

  8. Matter can be sub-classed as pure substances and mixtures. A fish tank with fish, water, plants, shells, and gravel is a mixture. Water is a pure substance.

  9. Pure substance • A pure substance is composed of only one kind of atom or molecule. • An atom is the basic unit of matter. • A molecule is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds.

  10. A pure substance may be an element or a compound. H2O He

  11. Elements • Elements are made up by only one type of atom • Examples = He, Au, Li, F2, H2 , C60

  12. Compounds • Compounds are two or more different elements in a molecule. • Ex. H2O, CO2, CO, CH4

  13. Compounds • Compound properties are different from those of the elements that compose them. • Ex. H2O = Water

  14. Compounds • Compounds can only be separated into elemental components by chemical means.

  15. Matter can be sub-classed as pure substances and mixtures. • Mixtures are not considered pure substances, but may be made up of pure substances

  16. Mixtures • The substances that make up a mixture keep their individual chemical and physical properties. • Mixtures can be separated into its components by physical means.

  17. Mixtures • Mixtures are sub-classed as heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures

  18. Homogeneous Mixtures • Are the same through out • You can not see the individual parts of the mixtures. • Example: Air, sugar water • Can be sub-classed as solutions and alloys

  19. Solutions • All solutions are homogeneous mixtures. • Ex. Sugar water, salt water • The particles that make up a solutions are uniformly distributed.

  20. Solutions • The particles are so small that they cannot be seen even at high magnification. • Examples: sweet tea, sea water, rubbing alcohol, cola

  21. Parts of a Solution • Solute = The substance being dissolved • Solvent = The dissolving agent • Ex. Tea with sugar = solute  sugar solvent  tea

  22. Alloys • A solid or liquid homogenous mixture of two or more metals. • 18 karat Au is 18 parts Au out of 24 . The remaining parts are Cu, Ag, or Ni.

  23. Mixtures • Mixtures are sub-classed as heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures

  24. Heterogeneous Mixtures • Are not uniform through out • Some heterogeneous mixtures appear homogenous to the naked eye. • Ex. Skin

  25. Heterogeneous Mixtures • Examples shake

  26. Heterogeneous Mixtures • Heterogeneous Mixtures may be sub-classed at suspensions and colloids.

  27. Suspensions • Have relatively large, easily seen particles that can settle out or form layers within a liquid. • Ex. Medicine that says “Shake before Using”

  28. Suspensions • Particles can be filtered out in water suspensions

  29. Colloids • A colloid has tiny particles, just large enough to produce a cloudy appearance. • The particles of a colloid are smaller than a suspension’s and larger than a solution’s particles.

  30. Colloids • Examples: Milk Mayonnaise

  31. Colloids produce the Tyndalleffect • The Tyndall effect happens when a light beam shines through a colloid. The beam’s path can be seen in the liquid.

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