WORLD HISTORY FINAL EXAM REVIEW

1. WORLD HISTORY FINAL EXAM REVIEW

2. What are the Five Features of Civilization? advanced cities complex institutions specialized workers

3. What is the process in which a new idea or product spreads from one culture to another? • cultural diffusion.

4. What is a series of rulers from a single family is called? • dynasty.

5. What is polytheism? • Belief in many gods

6. What does the term Mesopotamia mean? • land between the rivers

7. What is a single, uniform code of 282 laws that helped to unify a diverse group of people within the ancient Babylonian empire? • Hammurabi's Code

8. What were ancient Egyptian kings called? • pharaohs

9. What was the Phoenician alphabet based on that was different the alphabet of the Egyptians and Babylonians? • phonetics – one sign was used for one sound

10. What does monotheism mean? Provide examples of people(s) from the ancient world that were monotheistic. • BELIEF IN ONE GOD • HEBREWS

11. Who is the father of Judaism? • Abraham

12. What is the wedged-shape form of writing from Mesopotamia called? • cuneiform

13. What trade route connected Europe to China and supplied goods from the East to the West? • Silk Road

14. What is the definition of the word polis? • Greek city-state

15. What does the word democracy mean? • “rule of the people”

16. What ancient Mediterranean civilization had the most advanced military of their time? • Sparta

17. What Greek philosopher was condemned to death for “corrupting the youth of Athens” and “neglecting the city’s gods”? • Socrates

18. What type of culture was created by Alexander’s empire? It blended Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian culture. • Hellenistic culture

19. Who made the greatest contribution toward setting Christianity on the road to becoming a world religion? • Paul

20. What Greek pioneered the accurate reporting of events, his book on the Persian Wars is considered the first work of history. He also visited Egypt and named their writing “hieroglyphics?” • Herodotus

21. What was Justinian’s Code based on? • Roman Law

22. Who is Justinian’s wife that had a major influence over the Byzantine Empire? • Theodora

23. What are the Five Pillars of Islam? • the major duties required of all Muslims

24. The split between Sunni and Shiite Muslims began with disagreement over what? • who would lead the Muslims after Muhammad’s death.

25. What religious beliefs is held by Muslims, Jews, and Christians? • belief in one God

26. Who is considered the father of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? • Abraham

27. Muhammad was born in what city? • Mecca.

28. What term describes a permanent move from one country or region to another? • migration

29. What is a “pull factor”? What would be an example of a “pull factor?” • many job openings for high paying jobs

30. What is a “push factor”? What would be an example of a “push factor?” • high unemployment rate and high taxes

31. Why didn’t the Bantu speakers migrate northward? • the Sahara desert

32. Members of what type of society trace their ancestors through their fathers? • patrilineal society

33. Members of what type of society trace their ancestors through their mothers? • matrilineal society

34. What was the chief goal of the Crusades? • to recover Jerusalem from the Muslim Turks

35. What is a negative effect of the Crusades that has continued to the present? • hostility between Muslims and Christians

36. What European nation profited most from trade with the East in the years directly following the Crusades? • Italy

37. How did Italy’s location help it become the birthplace of the Renaissance? • Italy had access to the classical heritage of Greece and Rome.

38. What did the intellectual and cultural movement known as humanism focused on the study of? • human achievement and potential.

39. What does the word Renaissance mean? • rebirth

40. During the Renaissance society began focusing more on the ____________ and less on the spiritual. • the secular

41. What did the intellectual movement Humanism focus on? • the study of the classics. • humanity as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor. • emphasis of human potential and achievements.

42. Why is the Medici family famous? • for being rulers and supporters of the arts

43. Who invented the European printing press? • Johann Guttenberg.

44. Who was William Shakespeare? • the greatest playwright of all time

45. Luther protested the practice of selling indulgences. What was that process? • The clergy sold pardons that released people from performing penalties for their sins.

46. What were the formal statements attacking the “pardon merchants” that Luther wanted to debate. • The 95 Theses

47. What is an ancient land bridge over which the earliest Americans are believed to have migrated from Asia into the Americas? • Beringia

48. How did the first Americans live (find their food)? • They were hunters and gatherers

49. Where is Mesoamerica located? • In central Mexico to Honduras

50. What were the motives for European exploration? • a desire to increase world population