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World Geography Final Exam Review. Fall 2013. 1. How has global diffusion of advanced computer and communications technology affected peoples’ access to the following? . Higher Education Increased access Pop Culture Increased access Maintaining traditional customs Decreased interest.
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World Geography Final Exam Review Fall 2013
1. How has global diffusion of advanced computer and communications technology affected peoples’ access to the following? • Higher Education • Increased access • Pop Culture • Increased access • Maintaining traditional customs • Decreased interest
2. How can a more diverse culture be created when new immigrant groups move into existing local cultures? • By keeping some ideas of the original culture, while incorporating some of the local culture • Much like the ingredients of a “salad bowl” instead of a “melting pot”
3. What has happened to the cultural landscapes of commercial areas worldwide, thanks to the diffusion of popular American chain restaurants? • They have all begun to look very similar • like seeing McDonald’s on the city’s streets
4. List several problems that occur when tropical rainforests, such as the Amazon, rapidly disappear. • Animal habitats destroyed for human use • Less trees to absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen • Destruction of medicinal plants that heal and cure disease
5. What are the effects of the Industrial Revolution in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century? • Early 1800s -Europeans immigrated to the US for economic and job opportunities in the Northeast • 1860 – 1900 – about 14 million Europeans arrived to work in the US
6. What are the EPA and the Clean Air Act? How do they protect the air quality? • Environmental Protection Agency • Agency designed to protect human health and the environment • Clean Air Act • Ensures air quality is not dangerous to humans
7. What indicators are used to determine a country’s level of development? How would a developed country’s indicators look? • Low birth rate • Low infant mortality • Longer life expectations • High literacy rates • High education levels • High standard of living
8. How did the formation of the European Union cause a population shift? • Western Europe had an abundance of employment opportunities • People from other regions migrated there for jobs
9. Why is African influence present in Brazilian culture? • African slaves were forced to migrate to Brazil, as well as other Latin American regions
10. What happened in Eastern Europe in 1989, and what changes took place as a result? • Collapse of the Soviet Union • Moved away from communism • Eastern Europe was adopting more democratic ideals through cultural diffusion
11. What four factors affect climate? • Wind and ocean currents • Latitude • Elevation • Topography
12. What were the direct effects of the Columbian Exchange? • African slavery • European diseases introduced into Native American populations • Exchange of animals and plants
13. How did the construction of the interstate system in the 1950s change the urban landscape? • People were able to move to suburbs and drive into work • Economic activity was not limited to being in the city center • Economic activity expanded away from city center
14. How do people maintain their culture? Give an example. • By passing ideas down from generation to generation • Parents/grandparents teaching stories, recipes and way of living to their children/grandchildren
15. How does Earth’s tilt affect seasons? • Different parts of earth receive the sun’s direct rays at different times of the year causing temperature differences • At the poles, times of constant direct sunlight and constant lack of sunlight
16. What is cultural diffusion? Give an example. • Spread of ideas, inventions or patterns of behavior from one culture to another • Ex: Architecture, restaurant chains
17. How was England changed by the Industrial Revolution? • Urban areas (cities) grew as more jobs became available
18. Where in the world are climates the warmest year-round? • Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, along the equator
19. What is the climate of Northern Europe in the winter? • Very cold winters in Scandinavian peninsula (Northern Europe) • Norway, Finland, Sweden – people interact with cold environment
20. Why is the US political system so stable? • Citizens are allowed to elect government officials • If not happy with officials’ performance, citizens will not re-elect him or her
21. How does the Panama Canal help the economy of Panama? • Opens a trade route between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans • Cuts expenses of having to travel around the tip of South America to trade
22. Why type of climate would cause Northern Brazil to get so much rainfall? • Northern Brazil is located within the tropical latitudes
23. Which event had the greatest impact on the culture of South America? • Spanish conquerors (conquistadors) arrived and took over
24. Why did favelas expand in the 1970s in Latin America? • Migrants arriving from rural areas • Poor people, large numbers • Could not afford to settle in city center
25. How did Europeans settle the US? What general direction did population expand from there? • Started in northeast • Moved west with westward expansion
26. How did the Bubonic Plague (Black Death) spread? • Along the Mediterranean Sea trade routes • Travel was faster and easier by sea than by land
27. Why did population in California change so drastically from 1848-1849? • News of the discovery of gold in California • People from all over the world migrated to search for their share
28. Why did the Jews escape Europe during the 1940s? • Nazi Germany (Hitler) targeted Jews • Suffered persecution and discrimination for Jewish religious views
29. Why were the Spanish able to conquer the Aztecs so easily? • Spanish conquistadors had much better weapons and military technology
30. What types of agriculture practices did the Inca use that made them an agrarian society? • Terrace farming • Showed that they cooperated and planned crop growth
31. What do the Aztec and Mayan calendars and the use of “zero” indicate about pre-Colombian people? • They both made advances in math and science
32. How did the American Revolution affect Latin America? • Inspired leaders of Latin America to fight for independence
33. Describe religion of Latin America. • Largest practiced religion in Latin America is Roman Catholic
34. What are the origins of democracy? • Athens, Greece • first society to practice direct democracy
35. What are the causes for destruction of the Amazon rain forest? • Poverty • Abuse of natural resources • Clearing land for ranching • Large national debt
36. What are the advantages of terraced farming techniques? • Reduces soil erosion • Allows steep land to be cultivated
37. What areas does the Latin America region cover? • Areas of the western hemisphere, south of the United States
38. Between urbanization and the Industrial Revolution, which is the cause, and which is the effect? • Urbanization is an effect of the Industrial Revolution
39. What physical features in Latin America have inhibited communication and transportation systems? • Mountains • Rain forests • River systems
40. What are some effects of colonial rule in Latin America? • Control of power by few wealthy land owners • Poverty for everyone else • Resources were exported, leaving the region economically weakened
41. What is subsistence agriculture? Where can it still be found in Latin America today? • Growing just enough food to feed family • Still practiced in rural areas, like Incan settlements in Peru
42. What two cultural influences combined to reflect Central American culture today? • Spanish • Native American • (Mestizo people)
43. What does NAFTA stand for? Which countries are involved? • North American Free Trade Agreement • Canada • United States • Mexico
44. What happened to European cities as a result of the Industrial Revolution? • They grew in size
45. What effects did industrialization have on farming in the United States? • Decrease number of people farming, due to industrialized farm equipment • Increase size of farms to feed bigger population
46. What is hydroelectricity? How might climate changes affect production? • Less rainfall leads to decrease in water flow, which reduces force with which hydroelectricity is produced
47. What is a polder? Explain the process in creating polders. • Reclaiming land from the sea by diking and draining
48. List the 5 peninsulas in Europe and the countries that make up each. • Iberian • Spain and Portugal • Scandinavian • Norway, Finland, Sweden • Balkan • Greece • Jutland • Denmark, small part of Germany • Italian - Italy
49. How are architectural styles, which begin in one cultural region and show up in other cultural regions, spread throughout the world? • Cultural diffusion