Plate tectonics, earthquakes and tsunamis

1. GATE Geology Paradise Canyon Elementary School La Canada, California 9 February 2005 Plate tectonics, earthquakesand tsunamis Ken Hudnut U. S. Geological Survey

2. Plate tectonics, earthquakesand tsunamis • Part 1 - plate tectonics • Part 2 - earthquakes • Part 3 - tsunamis • Part 4 - California hazards

3. Motion between the plates causes earthquakes and volcanoes

4. Tilly Smith, 10 years old, saved people from the tsunami ! LONDON — A British schoolgirl who recognized the signs of a coming tsunami thanks to a recent geography lesson saved her family and some 100 other tourists at a Thai beach, a British newspaper reported.Tilly Smith, 10, realized they were in danger when she saw the tide suddenly rush out — an indication earthquake-driven tidal waves are only minutes away — and told her mother. She explained that she had studied tsunamis only two weeks before at her school in Oxshott, just south of London. Her parents, Penny and Colin Smith, warned nearby vacationers and staff at their hotel in Phuket, and the hotel swiftly evacuated Maikhao beach, minutes before the devastating waves struck.The beach was one of only a few in Phuket where no one was killed or seriously hurt. "I was on the beach and the water started to go funny," Tilly said. "There were bubbles and the tide went out all of a sudden. I recognized what was happening and had a feeling there was going to be a tsunami. I told mummy."

5. Part 1. Plate Tectonics Movie by T. Atwater, UCSB

6. This is really bad news for people (like us!) living around the Pacific Rim, also known as the Ring of Fire Motion between the plates causes earthquakes and volcanoes

7. Earthquakes & People Earthquakes sometimes hit big cities Istanbul Tokyo Mexico City Jakarta Santiago

8. Where the India plate is pushed down beneath the Banda micro- plate, it is being SUBDUCTED. Where the two plates’ surfaces are sliding past each other, it gets caught for hundreds of years and then the stored stress is released in a big earthquake.

9. Earthquakes and volcanoes are driven by plate tectonic motion • As a plate subducted, the Cascades volcanoes and San Andreas fault were born • The subducting plate melts and the magma rises up to form volcanoes • The plates sliding past each other make the active transform faults Movie by T. Atwater, UCSB

11. Motion between the plates causes earthquakes and volcanoes This is really bad news for people (like us!) living around the Pacific Rim, also known as the Ring of Fire

12. Why do volcanoes erupt? • Pressure builds up because of heat and trapped gas bubbles • Cracks open and lava, steam and ash blast out • Sticky magma makes tall cone-shaped volcanoes (like Merapi) • Runny magma makes low, broad volcanoes (like Kilauea, Hawai’I)

13. Merapivolcano,Java Strato-volcanoes erupt igneous rocks!

14. Location • Epicenter near Simeulue Island • Aftershocks extend past the Nicobar and Andaman Islands

15. If you feel anearth-quake,get tohighground!