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Organizing and Structure in Modern Organizations

This chapter explores the concepts of organizing and structure in organizations, including work specialization, span of control, line and staff authority, decentralization, flatter organizational structures, learning organizations, job descriptions, and the delegation process.

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Organizing and Structure in Modern Organizations

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  1. Chapter 4 ORGANIZING

  2. Chapter outcomes Define organizing. Describe why work specialization should increase economic efficiency. Explain how the span of control affects an organization’s structure. Contrast line and staff authority. Explain why organizations are becoming increasingly decentralized. Describe how flatter organizational structures can be beneficial to the organization. Explain the concept of a learning organization and how it influences organizational designs and supervisors. Discuss the value of job descriptions. Identify the four-step process of delegation.

  3. Organizing Arranging and grouping jobs, allocating resources, and assigning work so that activities can be accomplished as planned

  4. Organizing concepts Work specialization Span of control Chain of command Unity of command Authority – Line, Staff, Functional Responsibility Centralization Decentralization

  5. EXHIBIT 4–1 Contrasting spans of control.

  6. Departmentalization Functional Product Geographical Customer Process

  7. EXHIBIT 4–3 Functional departmentalization.

  8. EXHIBIT 4–4 Product departmentalization.

  9. EXHIBIT 4–5 Customer departmentalization.

  10. EXHIBIT 4–6 Geographic departmentalization.

  11. EXHIBIT 4–7 Process departmentalization.

  12. Organizational structure Simple structure Functional structure Divisional structure Matrix structure Team-based structure Boundaryless organization Learning organization

  13. EXHIBIT 4–8 A matrix structure in an aerospace firm.

  14. Job description A written statement of job duties, working conditions, and operating responsibilities Provides a formal description Acts as a standard by which to measure performance Clarifies the duties and responsibilities of the employee

  15. EXHIBIT 4–10 A job description for a production editor in a publishing company.

  16. Delegation process Allocation of duties Delegation of authority Assignment of responsibility Creation of accountability

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