Copy this chart onto Portfolio p19

1. Copy this chart onto Portfolio p19 7.4 Graphic Organizer A Advantage Advantage Advantage Advantage American Victory

2. Copy this chart onto Portfolio p20 7.4 Graphic Organizer B

3. Lesson 7.4a: The Legacyof the War Today we will describe the circumstances surrounding the end of the Revolutionary War.

4. Vocabulary • circumstances – events or conditions related to another event • motivation – the reason for someone to act • interior – the part of a country that is away from the coast • foreign aid – help provided by another country

5. What We Already Know In 1781, Lord Cornwallis surrendered to Washingtonat Yorktown, effectivelyending the Revolutionary War.

6. What We Already Know Without the military and financial support of France, Washington’s victory at Yorktown would not have been possible. RochambeauandWashington

7. What We Already Know Loyalistsfrequently faced harassment and even violence at the hands of Patriots.

8. WhytheAmericans Won • In November 1783, the last British ships and troops left New York City, andAmerican troops marched in. • Weeping, Washington said good-bye to his officers in a New York tavern. • The Americans had won independence even though they faced many obstacles.

9. WhytheAmericans Won • They lacked training, experience, supplies, and weapons. • The British forces ranked among the best trained in the world. • The British had experience and good supplies. • And yet, the Americans had four advantages over the British.

10. Better Leadership • British generals were overconfident and made poor decisions. • By contrast, Washington learned from his mistakes.

11. Better Leadership • After early defeats, he developed the strategy of dragging out the war to wear down the British. • Despite many difficulties, Washington never gave up.

12. Foreign Aid • Britain’s rivals, France&Spain, helped America. • Foreign loans and military aid were essential to America’s victory.

13. Knowledge of the Land • The Americans knew the land where the war took place and used that knowledge well. • The British could control coastal cities butcouldnotextend their control to the interior.

14. Better Motivation • The Americans had more reason to fight. • At stake were not only their lives but also their property and their dream of liberty.

15. 1. What advantages enabled the Americans to win the Revolutionary War? • Better leadership • A well-trained, well-equipped army • Knowledge of the land • Large numbers of Indian allies • Foreign aid • High motivation Choose all that are true!

16. 1. What advantages enabled the Americans to win the Revolutionary War? • Better leadership • A well-trained, well-equipped army • Knowledge of the land • Large numbers of Indian allies • Foreign aid • High motivation Choose all that are true!

17. The Treaty of Paris • The Treaty of Paris of 1783 was the peace treaty that ended the Revolutionary War. • It included six principal conditions.

18. The Treaty of Paris • The United States was an independent nation. • Its boundaries were the Mississippi River to the west, Canada to the north, and Spanish Florida to the south.

19. The Treaty of Paris Britain would have to surrender its forts between theOhio River and the Great Lakes.

20. The Treaty of Paris The United States would receive the right to fish in the Atlantic Ocean off Canada’s coast.

21. The Treaty of Paris • Each side would pay its debts to the other. • The British would return any slaves they had captured. • Congress would tell the states to return property they had seized from Loyalists.

22. The Treaty of Paris • Neither country lived up to the treaty. • Americans did not repay prewar debts to British merchants or return Loyalist property. • The British did not return slaves, and did not give up forts in the Great Lakes area.

23. 3. What were the conditions of the Treaty of Paris? • The boundaries of the United States would be the Mississippi River, Canada, and Spanish Florida. • The United States would give up its rights to fish off Canada's coast. • Each side promised to pay its debts. • Britain would return runaway slaves to Africa. • Congress would recommend that the states return properties to Loyalists. Choose all that are true!

24. 3. What were the conditions of the Treaty of Paris? • The boundaries of the United States would be the Mississippi River, Canada, and Spanish Florida. • The United States would give up its rights to fish off Canada's coast. • Each side promised to pay its debts. • Britain would return runaway slaves to Africa. • Congress would recommend that the states return properties to Loyalists. Choose all that are true!

25. Costs of the War • No one knows exactly how many people died in the war, but eight years of fighting took a terrible toll. • The British had about 10,000 military deaths.

26. Costs of the War • An estimated 25,700 Americansdiedin the war. • About 1,400 were missing, and another 8,200 were wounded. • Many of the wounded had permanent disabilities, such as amputated limbs.

27. Costs of the War • Many soldiers who survived the war left the army with no money. • They had received little or no pay for their service.

28. Costs of the War • Instead of back pay, the government gave some soldiers certificates for land in the West. • Many men sold that land to get money for food and other basic needs.

29. Costs of the War Both the Congress and the individual states had borrowed money to finance the conflict.

30. Costs of the War • Some of the money had been borrowed from foreign countries, and the rest from private citizens. • The war left the nation with a debt of about $27 million.

31. Costs of the War • Thousands of Loyalists lost their land and personal property. • Between 60,000 and 100,000 Loyalists left the United States, including several thousand African Americans and Native Americans.

32. Costs of the War • Most Loyalists went to Canada where they created new towns and new provinces. • They also brought English traditions to areas that had originally been settled by French colonists.

33. What were the major economic costs of the war? • Many soldiers without pay and facing huge debt after the war • A national debt of $27 million in war expenses • Money owed to repay Loyalists for damages to their property • A $45 million owed to Britain as payment for western land • Debts from borrowing money from foreign countries and private citizens Choose all that are true!

34. What were the major economic costs of the war? • Many soldiers without pay and facing huge debt after the war • A national debt of $27 million in war expenses • Money owed to repay Loyalists for damages to their property • A $45 million owed to Britain as payment for western land • Debts from borrowing money from foreign countries and private citizens Choose all that are true!

35. 5. How did the end of the war affect Loyalists? • Thousands lost land and personal property. • Most left North America and settled in England. • Thousands left the United States. • They were banned from serving in the new United States government. • Thousands sold their land to get money for food and other basic needs. Choose all that are true!

36. 5. How did the end of the war affect Loyalists? • Thousands lost land and personal property. • Most left North America and settled in England. • Thousands left the United States. • They were banned from serving in the new United States government. • Thousands sold their land to get money for food and other basic needs. Choose all that are true!

37. Lesson 7.4b: Issues After the War Today we will examine several issues facing the United States after independence was won.

38. Vocabulary • examine – look closely at • issue – a point in question or a matter that is in dispute • republicanism – belief that government should be based on the consent of the people, who exercise their power by voting for political representatives

39. What We Already Know The colonies wanted independence from Britain so they could have a government that was more just.

40. What We Already Know The self–evident truths and unalienable rights expressed by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence became the goals of the American Revolution.

41. What We Already Know After defeating the mighty British military and negotiating the Treaty of Paris in 1783, American independence became a reality.

42. Republicanism • The American Revolution was not just a war, but a change in ideas about government. • Before the war, Americans had demanded their rights as English citizens. • But after declaring their independence, they replaced that goal with the idea of republicanism…

43. Republicanism • Republicanism is the idea that instead of a king, the people would rule. • The government would obtain its authority from the citizens, who exercise their power by voting for political representatives.

44. Republicanism For this system to work, individuals would have to place the good of the countryabove their own interests.

45. Republicanism • At first, only men who owned land were allowed to vote or hold public office. • Women could not vote at all.

46. Republicanism • However, women could help the nation by teaching their children the virtues that benefited public life. • Such virtues includedhonesty, duty, and the willingness to make sacrifices.

47. 6. How did Americans’ goals for government change after declaring independence? • They wanted to set up an effective govern-ment with a strong executive branch. • They replaced the demand for rights as English citizens with the idea of repub-licanism. • Most Americans wanted a government ban on slavery. • Women demanded the right to vote. • Churches began to receive tax money in some states.

48. 6. How did Americans’ goals for government change after declaring independence? • They wanted to set up an effective govern-ment with a strong executive branch. • They replaced the demand for rights as English citizens with the idea of repub-licanism. • Most Americans wanted a government ban on slavery. • Women demanded the right to vote. • Churches began to receive tax money in some states.

49. 7. What does the idea of republicanism mean? • Individuals should place the good of the country above their own interests. • The people should rule, not a king. • Only people who have wealth or own property should participate in government. • The government's powers should be limited by a written constitution. • Citizens exercise their power by voting for political representatives. Choose all that are true!

50. 7. What does the idea of republicanism mean? • Individuals should place the good of the country above their own interests. • The people should rule, not a king. • Only people who have wealth or own property should participate in government. • The government's powers should be limited by a written constitution. • Citizens exercise their power by voting for political representatives. Choose all that are true!