Copy 8.2a onto Portfolio p26

1. Copy 8.2a onto Portfolio p26 *Complete the 8.2aGraphic Organizer belowby writing the terms under the boxes to show how each term (listed below) led to the next term. Constitutional Convention; New Jersey Plan; Annapolis Convention; Virginia Plan; Great Compromise; Amend or replace the Articles?

2. Copy 8.2b onto Portfolio p27 Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan Great Compromise Three-fifths Compromise

3. Lesson 8.2a: The Constitutional Convention Today we will trace the events that led to the Constitutional Convention.

4. Vocabulary • trace – follow a sequence of events in chronological order • event – something that happens • convention – a large group of people who come together for a common purpose • amend – to make a change to something, especially a written document

5. What We Already Know The Articles of Confederation intentionally created a government that was weak, because Americans had just fought a war against a government that was so strong that it threatened their rights.

6. What We Already Know In 1787, Shays’ Rebellion showed just how weak and ineffective the Articles of Confederation were in dealing with major problems, such as the economy.

7. What We Already Know Many people felt that the nation needed to have a stronger national government to help solve its problems.

8. Check for Understanding • What event made many Americans realize that the Articles of Confederation needed to be changed? • What was wrong with the Articles of Confederation?

9. A Constitutional Convention Is Called • In 1786, delegates from five states met in Annapolis, Maryland. • The delegates met to discuss ways to promote interstate trade through national trade laws that would help the economies of all the states.

10. A Constitutional Convention Is Called But making such changes required amending the Articles of Confederation, because the national government had been granted no power to regulate trade among the states.

11. A Constitutional Convention Is Called • The Annapolis Convention delegates called for representatives to come to Philadelphia to discuss changes to the Articles of Confederation

12. A Constitutional Convention is called… • At first, many Americans doubted that the Articles needed to be changed. • They still believed that a strong government could become a threat to their natural rights.

13. A Constitutional Convention Is Called • When word of Shays’ Rebellion began to spread, they changed their minds. • Fearing that uprisings similar to Shays’ Rebellion might spread, 12 states sent delegates to Philadelphia in 1787.

14. Why did five states send delegates to the Annapolis Convention? • To amend the Articles of Confederation • To discuss the impact from Shays' Rebellion • To discuss ways to promote interstate trade • To create a plan of action for the Constitutional Convention

15. Why did five states send delegates to the Annapolis Convention? • To amend the Articles of Confederation • To discuss the impact from Shays' Rebellion • To discuss ways to promote interstate trade • To create a plan of action for the Constitutional Convention

16. Why did twelve states sent delegates to Philadelphia in 1787? • To participate in the Annapolis Convention • To discuss ways to deal with Shays' Rebellion • To discuss amending the Articles of Confederation • To discuss ways to improve trade

17. Why did twelve states sent delegates to Philadelphia in 1787? • To participate in the Annapolis Convention • To discuss ways to deal with Shays' Rebellion • To discuss amending the Articles of Confederation • To discuss ways to improve trade

18. 10. What was the relationship between the Annapolis Convention and the Constitutional Convention? • The Annapolis Convention delegates agreed to meet again to amend the Articles of Confederation. • The Annapolis delegates created the new Constitution to replace the Articles. • The Bill of Rights was written at the Annapolis Convention to be added to the Constitution. • Federalists and Antifederalists argued about how strong the new government should be.

19. 10. What was the relationship between the Annapolis Convention and the Constitutional Convention? • The Annapolis Convention delegates agreed to meet again to amend the Articles of Confederation. • The Annapolis delegates created the new Constitution to replace the Articles. • The Bill of Rights was written at the Annapolis Convention to be added to the Constitution. • Federalists and Antifederalists argued about how strong the new government should be.

20. The Convention’s Delegates • Fifty-five (55) delegates came to the Constitutional Convention. • About three-fourths also had been delegates to the Continental Congress.

21. The Convention’s Delegates • Many had been members of their state legislatures and had helped write their state constitutions. • Along with other leaders of the time, these delegates are called the Founding Fathers, of the United States.

22. The Convention’s Delegates Three of the most famous men at the Constitutional Convention wereGeorge Washington, Benjamin Franklin, andJames Madison.

23. The Convention’s Delegates • One of the ablest delegates was James Madison. • Madison had read more than a hundred books on government in preparation for the meeting. • He would play a major role in the creation of the U.S. Constitution.

24. The Convention’s Delegates • He took notes throughout the Convention, giving us a very detailed account of the many debates that took place. • He worked behind the scenes to create the Virginia Plan.

25. The Convention’s Delegates • He would be one of the writers of the Federalist Papers, which persuaded people to vote in favor of the new Constitution. • Later, he would write the Bill of Rights to the Constitution. • For these reasons, James Madison is often referred to as the Father of the Constitution.

26. The Convention’s Delegates But some of the most famous men in the young nation did not attend the Constitutional Convention.

27. Significant absentees from the Convention included Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Patrick Henry.

28. Women, American Indians, and Blacks, were not represented among the delegates. However, the framework of government the Founders established is the very one that would eventually provide full rights and responsibilities to all Americans.

29. The BIG question: should the Articles of Confederation beamended, or replacedwith anew form of government?

30. There were many disagreements among the delegates. But one thing they all agreed on was that they wanted a government that was strong enough to protect people’s rights, but not too strong so as to be totally controlled by the people. Read aloud with me.

31. What did all the delegatesagree on? They all agreed that they needed a government that was strong enough to protect people’s rights, but not too strong to be controlled by the people.

32. 11. Why was James Madison considered the Father of the Constitution? • He helped write the Virginia Plan. • He was the man who organized the Constitutional Convention. • He contributed to The Federalist papers. • He wrote the Bill of Rights. • He sent copies of his notes on the convention to people in all thirteen states. Choose all that are true!

33. 11. Why was James Madison considered the Father of the Constitution? • He helped write the Virginia Plan. • He was the man who organized the Constitutional Convention. • He contributed to The Federalist papers. • He wrote the Bill of Rights. • He sent copies of his notes on the convention to people in all thirteen states. Choose all that are true!

34. 11. Why was James Madison considered the Father of the Constitution? • He helped write the Virginia Plan. • He was the man who organized the Constitutional Convention. • He contributed to The Federalist papers. • He wrote the Bill of Rights. • He sent copies of his notes on the convention to people in all thirteen states. Choose all that are true!

35. 11. Why was James Madison considered the Father of the Constitution? • He helped write the Virginia Plan. • He was the man who organized the Constitutional Convention. • He contributed to The Federalist papers. • He wrote the Bill of Rights. • He sent copies of his notes on the convention to people in all thirteen states. Choose all that are true!

36. Which of the following famous men did not attend the Constitutional Convention? • Patrick Henry • George Washington • Benjamin Franklin • James Madison • Thomas Jefferson • John Adams Choose all that are true!

37. Which of the following famous men did not attend the Constitutional Convention? • Patrick Henry • George Washington • Benjamin Franklin • James Madison • Thomas Jefferson • John Adams Choose all that are true!

38. Lesson 8.2b: Compromises at the Constitutional Convention Today we will discuss the compromises that were made to create our government.

39. Vocabulary • compromise – settlement of differences in which each side gives up part of what they want • delegate – person designated to act for or represent someone else • bicameral – having two branches, chambers, or houses

40. What We Already Know The Articles of Confederation intentionally created a government that was weak, so that it would become a threat to the people’s rights.

41. What We Already Know Under the Articles of Confederation, each state had one vote in Congress, regardless of population.

42. What We Already Know In 1787, delegates from twelve states met in Philadelphia to discuss ways to improve the government.

43. The Convention Begins • The first order of business was to elect a president for the convention. • Every delegate voted for George Washington. • Washington’s quiet and dignified leadership set a solemn and serious tone for the convention.

44. The Convention Begins The delegates wanted to be able to consider all ideas and to be able to change sides in any debate without being pressured by the politics of the day.

45. The Convention Begins • The delegates also knew that many Americans were fearful of a strong government. • If the public knew they were trying to create a new, stronger government, there might be protests, or even violence.

46. The Convention Begins • For these reasons, they decided that their discussions would remain secret. • To ensure privacy, the windows in their meeting room were kept shut even though it was summer. • Guards were posted outside the door to keep away the curious.

47. The Convention Begins With the secrecy rule approved, they got down to business.

48. The Virginia Plan • The Virginia Plan proposed a government that would have three branches. • The first branch of government was the legislature, which made the laws. • The second branch was the executive, which enforced the laws. • The third branch was the judiciary, which interpreted the laws. Edmund Randolph

49. Read aloud with me: • The Virginia Plan proposed a legislature with two houses. • In both houses, the number of representatives from each state would be based on the state’s population or its wealth. • A legislature divided into two houses is called a bicameral legislature.

50. The Virginia Plan Unlike the government under the Articles, Congress would have the power to levy taxes, regulate commerce, and make laws.