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Human Population : Growth, Demography and Carrying Capacity

Human Population : Growth, Demography and Carrying Capacity. Current World Population. Global population was 6,629,514,472 On November 7, 2007 at 08:05 pm The global population grows by: Nearly 2.3 persons per seconds Nearly 8,343 persons per hour Over 200,234 persons per day

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Human Population : Growth, Demography and Carrying Capacity

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  1. Human Population:Growth, Demography and Carrying Capacity

  2. Current World Population Global population was 6,629,514,472 On November 7, 2007 at 08:05 pm • The global population grows by: • Nearly 2.3persons per seconds • Nearly 8,343 persons per hour • Over 200,234 persons per day • Over 73 million persons per year

  3. Human Population Dynamics There are just three sources of change in population size — • Fertility – number of children born • Mortality -"natural decrease" refers to population decline resulting from more deaths than births • Migration - Net migration is the number of immigrants minus emigrants

  4. Human Population Dynamics Replacement fertility rate (RFR) • The number of children a couple must have to replace themselves Total fertility rate (TFR) • The average number of children born to a woman during childbearing years (15-49) • Average in developed countries = 1.6 (1950 2.5) • Average in developing countries = 3.1 (1950: 6.5)

  5. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR ) • infant deaths per 1000 live births (infant < 1 yr) • 1990: 62 now: 52 (normal in 1900: 200) • Current US IMR: 6.9% (69/1000)

  6. Maternal Deaths per 100,000 Live Births Source: WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA Maternal Mortality in 1995: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF AND UNFPA, 2001.

  7. Overall, the world population is growing at a rate of about 1.7%; if this rate continues, the population will double in 42 years.

  8. Population Pyramids • Graphic device: bar graph • shows the age and gender composition of a region • horizontal axis: gender • male: left-hand female: right-hand • absolute number of people or % • vertical axis: age • 5-year or 10-year age groups

  9. Population Pyramid with young cohorts

  10. Population Pyramids • High Growth: Afghanistan • Moderate Growth: Mexico • Zero Growth: U.S. • Negative Growth: Austria or Italy

  11. Population Pyramids • Population Pyramids on the Web • High Growth: Afghanistan • Moderate Growth: Mexico • Zero Growth: U.S. • Negative Growth: Austria or Italy

  12. Population Pyramids • Population Pyramids on the Web • High Growth: Afghanistan • Moderate Growth: Mexico • Zero Growth: U.S. • Negative Growth: Austria or Italy

  13. Population Pyramids • Population Pyramids on the Web • High Growth: Afghanistan • Moderate Growth: Mexico • Zero Growth: U.S. • Negative Growth: Italy

  14. Demographic Transition • Movement of a nation from high population growth to low population as it develops economically • Transition as a result of four stages • Stage 1—Birth and death rates are both high • Stage 2—Death rates fall; birth rates remain high; growth rate rises • Stage 3—Birth rates fall as standard of living rises; growth rate falls • Stage 4—Growth rate continues to fall to zero or to a negative rate

  15. Population Pyramids and Demographic Stages • characteristics shapes of ‘pyramids’ • wide base (true pyramid) • wide middle (bulge), somewhat wider base • urn- or bottle-shaped • reversed pyramid • different shapes--different dynamics

  16. Population Pyramid and Demographic Transition • Stage 2: wide base • stage 3: wide middle • stage 4: slender • stage 5: narrow base

  17. Population Pyramid and Demographic Transition • Stage 2: wide base • stage 3: wide middle • stage 4: slender • stage 5: narrow base

  18. Population Pyramid and Demographic Transition • Stage 2: wide base • stage 3: wide middle • stage 4: slender • stage 5: narrow base

  19. Population Pyramid and Demographic Transition • Stage 2: wide base • stage 3: wide middle • stage 4: slender • stage 5: narrow base

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