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THE DISSOLUTION OF EUROPE’S COLONIAL EMPIRES

THE DISSOLUTION OF EUROPE’S COLONIAL EMPIRES. Decolonization in Asia. Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948) as a young attorney in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1913. Gandhi’s “salt march” of 1930: Great Britain created elected STATE governments in 1935.

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THE DISSOLUTION OF EUROPE’S COLONIAL EMPIRES

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  1. THE DISSOLUTION OF EUROPE’S COLONIAL EMPIRES

  2. Decolonization in Asia

  3. Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948) as a young attorney in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1913

  4. Gandhi’s “salt march” of 1930:Great Britain created elected STATE governments in 1935

  5. Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) at a Congress Party leadership conference in 1937

  6. Corpses on the street in Calcutta after rioting between Hindus and Moslems in 1946

  7. Mohammed Ali Jinnah of the Moslem League demanded an independent Pakistan beside India

  8. Nehru, Lord Mountbatten, and Jinna have just agreed to partition the subcontinent between India and Pakistan, June 7, 1947. Mountbatten decided to do it in just three months.

  9. The British hoped for orderly transfers of population, as exemplified by this train full of Muslims from Delhi, bound for Pakistan. But in fact TWELVE MILLION Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs scrambled desperately to get on the right side of the border, and at least ONE MILLION died in the attempt (photographs by Margaret Bourke-White).

  10. Mourners at Gandhi’s funeral, New Delhi, 1948

  11. Kashmir Today:India and Pakistan fought bloody wars here in 1948, 1965, and 1999. The population was 70% Muslim, but Mountbatten pressured the Hindu maharajah to accede to India.

  12. Africa as of 1962, decolonized except for Angola, Mozambique, South Africa, and Rhodesia

  13. Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972):Educated at Lincoln University (PA) and the London School of Economics; pictured here as Prime Minister in 1953: A “nondenominational Christian and Marxist socialist”

  14. Kwame Nkrumah waves to the crowd in Accra on Ghana’s Independence Day, March 6, 1957

  15. FRANCE CONQUERED ALGERIA FROM 1829 TO 1892 The 3rd Republic integrated it into metropolitan France, but suffrage was limited to the 1 million European settlers.

  16. After 1945 France proposed that the 8 million Muslims elect as many delegates as the 1 million pieds noirs But a “National Liberation Front” rebelled in 1954

  17. French troops examine the bodies of Algerian guerrillas killed in 1956

  18. French paratroopers take charge of urban policing during the “Battle of Algiers” (1956) Torture was authorized.

  19. FRANTZ FANON (1925-1961) Born in French Martinique, he fought for “Free France” in WW II 1951: Qualified as a psychiatrist in Lyon 1953: Psychiatric practice in Algeria 1955: Joins the National Liberation Front and seeks to synthesize Marxism and pan-Africanism. 1961: Writes The Wretched of the Earth in hospital, dying of leukemia. Buried with honors in newly independent Algeria.

  20. In May 1958 reports that the politicians in Paris planned to capitulate impelled French army commanders to seize power in Algiers.French party leaders turned to the retired Charles de Gaulle to resolve the crisis….

  21. Marianne, invoked by both the champions and foes of the Fifth Republic (1958)

  22. Charles de Gaulle in Algiers, 1959

  23. TRENDS IN PER CAPITA GDP SINCE 1900:THE GAP BETWEEN RICH AND POOR WIDENS

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