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Present Tense

Present Tense. Most regular verbs follow this pattern: Ich spiel e - I play (I am playing) Du spiel st - you play (you are playing) Er/sie/es spiel t - he/she/it plays (he/she/it is playing) Wir spiel en - we play (we are playing) Ihr spiel t - you play (you are playing)

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Present Tense

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  1. Present Tense Most regular verbs follow this pattern: Ich spiele- I play (I am playing) Du spielst - you play (you are playing) Er/sie/es spielt- he/she/it plays (he/she/it is playing) Wir spielen- we play (we are playing) Ihr spielt- you play (you are playing) sie spielen- they play (they are playing) Sie spielen- you play (you are playing) Irregular verbs need to be learnt separately. The 2 most important irregular verbs are haben (to have) and sein (to be) habensein ich habe ihr habt ich bin ihr seid du hast sie haben du bist sie sind er/sie/es hat Sie haben er/sie/es ist Sie sind wir haben wir sind All other irregular verbs just change in the du and er/sie/es forms

  2. Perfect Tense (1) The perfect tense is used to talk about things that happened in the past and it is formed as follows: An auxiliary verb (haben or sein) + The past participle of the verb you want to use (this goes to the end of the sentence) e.g. Ich habe Tennis gespielt - I played tennis When forming the past participle, regular verbs always take off the –en from the infinitive and replace it with –t. ge- is added to the beginning of the stem e.g. spielen becomesgespielt When forming the past participle, irregular verbs need to be learnt separately. Most begin with ge- and end in –en, with a vowel change in the middle eg trinken becomes getrunken

  3. Perfect Tense (2) Most verbs use haben as their auxiliary, but some of the most frequently used verbs take sein. Most of the verbs that take sein are verbs of motion or movement e.g. gehen, schwimmen, kommen – watch out also for bleiben e.g. ich bin ins Kino gegangen All reflexive verbs take haben e.g ich habe mich gewaschen When you form the past participle of a seperable verb the prefix is no longer separate e.g. wir sind um 11 Uhr angekommen – verbs can take either haben or sein. Inseperable verbs have no ge- in their past participle e.g ich habe meinen Mantel vergessen Haben and sein can also be used in the perfect tense Ich habe keine Zeit gehabt – I had no time Ich bin in der Schule gewesen – I was in school

  4. Imperfect Tense (1) You can also use the imperfect tense to talk about the past. There is no difference in meaning between the perfect tense and imperfect tense. However, the imperfect tense is mainly used in written German. e.g ich habe eine CD gekauft and ich kaufte eine CD both mean I bought a CD. Regular verbs are formed by removing the “en” from the infinitive and replacing it with the following endings: e.g. spielen – to play Ich spielte Du spieltest Er/sie/es spielte Wir spielten Ihr speiltet Sie spielten Sie spielten

  5. Imperfect Tense (2) However irregular verbs will change the first vowel and have different endings: e.g geben – to give ich gab ihr gabt du gabst sie gaben er/sie/es gab Sie gaben wir gaben To say I had and I was, use the imperfect tense of haben and sein Ich hatte keine Zeit – I had no time Ich war in der Schule – I was in school habensein ich hatte ich war du hattest du warst er/sie/es hatte er/sie/es war wir hatten wir waren ihr hattet ihr wart sie hatten sie waren Sie hatten Sie waren

  6. Pluperfect Tense The pluperfect tense is used to report events that took place before another event in the past and is made up of 2 parts The imperfect tense of haben or sein + The past participle of the main verb e.g. Ich hatte schon Tennis gespielt - I had already played tennis Ich war müde, weil ich den ganzen Tag gearbeitet hatte - I was tired, because I had worked the whole day (notice that the first part of the sentence is in the imperfect tense)

  7. Future Tense In German you can use the present tense to talk about future events by including a time expressione.g. Morgen spiele ich Tennis However, to show true knowledge of the future tense it is important to know that it is formed with: The present tense of werden + The infinitive of the verb e.g ich werdespielen – I will play / I am going to play Remember: the infinitive must go to the end of the clause or sentence e.g ich werde Tennis spielen – I will play tennis ich werde ihr werdet du wirst sie werden er/sie/es wird Sie werden wir werden

  8. Conditional Tense The conditional tense is used when you want to say “would” This is formed with: The correct form of werden + The infinitive of the verb e.g ich würdespielen – I would play Remember: the infinitive must go to the end of the clause or sentence e.g ich würde Tennis spielen – I would play tennis ich würde ihr würdet du würdest sie würden er/sie/es würde Sie würden wir würden However, instead of saying I would be able to (ich würde …. können) it is possible to say I could - ich könnte and similarly I would be (ich würde sein) becomes ich wäre I would have (ich würde haben) becomes ich hätte

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