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EUROCONTROL Military Unit

“Military Data Links and ATM ”. EUROCONTROL Military Unit. Summary. CONTEXT DESCRIPTION / OBJECTIVES of military data links and operational expectations CHALLENGES : Interoperability/ Safety/Security / Technology CONCLUSION. Introduction Traffic Growth. 1997. 2000. 2010. 2020.

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EUROCONTROL Military Unit

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  1. “Military Data Links and ATM” EUROCONTROL Military Unit

  2. Summary • CONTEXT • DESCRIPTION / OBJECTIVES of military data links and operational expectations • CHALLENGES : Interoperability/ Safety/Security / Technology • CONCLUSION

  3. IntroductionTraffic Growth 1997 2000 2010 2020 7.0 million flights 8.0 million flights 11.1 million flights 16.0 million flights • Traffic Growth: - 10JUN05: Record of 30.047 flights; - Growth of 5% a year; - Traffic doubles over 20 years; - Traffic tripled over 25 years. DIVISION DED 4 - 4/11/97

  4. TRAFFIC GROWTH INCREASE CAPACITY OERATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS IMPROVE SAFETY IntroductionOperational Improvements

  5. IntroductionMultiple Airspace Users ATM Operational Improvements impact all airspace users including Military Aviation!

  6. DESCRIPTION / OBJECTIVES of the military data links • Command and Control Information Exchange • NATO Tactical Data Links and the migration strategy • The military data links

  7. Military Command and Control Tactical Information Exchange • Military CIS are enablers of Command and Control (C2) functions; • Underlying Networks (WANs) + Voice + Sensors + Tactical Data Links for C2 reporting and compilation of Recognized Air Picture

  8. Tactical Data Links Migration Strategy • Migration Path • Each Data Link defined by message format series • Link 1, Link 4 and Link 7 were the legacy standards • Link 11 – since early 80’s the most stable NATO standard. Oriented to Navy and BLOS • Link 16 – Current NATO MOR and in vast expansion since mid 90’s. Supported by JTIDS/MIDS technology • Link 22/NILE – NATO Improved Link 11 – 2015 • Multilink environment: VMF, TTNT, CDL, Wideband IP D/L • Future Paradigm: The Common Message Standard (CMS) - 2030

  9. Military Multi-Link Environment Automating multiple platforms VMF – Variable Message Format (gap filler for US Army between Link 16 and other TDL) CDL – Common Data Link ( US DoD D/L to support imagery and signals intelligence) TTNT - Tactical Targeting Network Technology (US DARPA IP-capable airborne network for primarily time-sensitive targeting which will support US DoD Global Information Grid)

  10. Challenges • Civil/Military Interoperability • ADS-B/MIDS Study • Safety and Security considerations • Technology enablers

  11. INTEROPERBILITY ADS-B/MIDS Study “FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR CIVIL AVIATION DATA LINK FOR ADS-B BASED ON MIDS/LINK16” Background • 17-18SET02 - ADS PSG 15 decision to study feasibility of civil version of Link 16/MIDS to support ADS-B • FEB03 - ADS-B Data Link Recommendation • FEB03 - ISDEFE contracted • AUG03 - Final Report delivered • 10MAR04 – Discussion Forum Proposal • Compare ADS Requirements vs MIDS Performances • Scenarios: TLAT • Prove Feasibility • Significant benefits for civil ATM and military • But difficult open issues: - Network management; Spectrum support; Interference DME/TACAN, GPS L5; Costs; Institutional issues. ADS Programme

  12. INTEROPERABILTY ADS-B/MIDS Study “FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR CIVIL AVIATION DATA LINK FOR ADS-B BASED ON MIDS/LINK16” Discussion Forum on 10 MAR04 • ADS-B/MIDS study considered solution feasible • Majority of opinions against the proposal • Reasons mainly linked with spectrum constraints in the L band and institutional issues Way Ahead • Ground Interface solution ? • Part of Software Radio solution ? • A civil-military Future Communications System!

  13. Safety and Security considerations • Safety • Traffic growth vs. military aircraft Equipage rate • Exemption policy • Security considerations • 9/11 context and its consequences • The need to protect the ATM system and the need for more civil/military cooperation

  14. Technology considerations • Software radio considerations • Civil /military aspects • Taking advantage of some military data link features • Convergence between C,N,S • Security

  15. Military Data Links and ATM Conclusions (1) • Military Data Link technologies are in the forefront of state of the art • Widely available in military platforms (particularly Link 16/MIDS) • Outstanding warfare capablilities enabled by multi-link environment • Limited relevance for ATM purposes • Civil-military data link interoperability uncertain • Frequency and spectrum constraints the main problem • Other hurdles are institutional, security and technical constraints (latency, Doppler, etc.) • Lessons learnt from ADS-B/MIDS study need to be kept • Trend for convergence: use of Internet Protocol (IP Mobility) • Additional opportunities: Relative Navigation

  16. Military Data Links and ATM Conclusions (2) Navigation Paradigm: GNSS Sole Means? Ground-Based DME Backup? 4D RNP/RNAV how? Why not Relative Navigation as an enabler of NAV infrastructure rationalisation?

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