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Understanding Organisms and Their Habitats: Key Concepts in Ecology

In this section, we explore fundamental concepts of ecology, including the needs of organisms and their interactions within habitats. An organism requires food, water, and shelter to survive, and habitats provide the necessary conditions for growth. We differentiate between biotic factors, such as plants and animals, and abiotic factors like water, sunlight, and temperature, which shape their environment. Additionally, we outline the levels of organization within ecosystems, from species to populations, communities, and ecosystems themselves, emphasizing the interdependence of living and non-living components.

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Understanding Organisms and Their Habitats: Key Concepts in Ecology

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  1. Chapter 21: Section 1, pg 705 • Key concepts: What needs are met by an organism’s environment? • What are the two parts of an organism’s habitat with which it interacts? What are the levels of organization within an ecosystem? • Key terms: organism, habitat, biotic factor, abiotic factor, photosynthesis, species, population, community, ecosystem, ecology

  2. Organisms and habitats • An organism is a living thing. • Organisms need to obtain food, water, shelter to live • Habitats are environments that provide areas for organisms to grow and live. • Organisms live in different habitats because they have different requirements for survival.

  3. Biotic factors • An organism interacts with both living and nonliving parts of its habitat. • Biotic factors are the living parts, like animals, plants, and insects.

  4. Abiotic factors • Are the nonliving parts of a habitat. Water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, and soil. • Water – all living things need water. • Sunlight – needed for photosynthesis (plants make their own food in chloroplasts) which fuels plants to grow. Animals then eat the plants. • Oxygen – most living things require oxygen • Temperature – temperatures determine what kind of organisms live there • Soil – mixture of rocks, nutrients, air, water, and decaying remains of organisms

  5. Levels of organization • Species – group of organisms similar enough to mate and have offspring that can also reproduce • Population – all the members of one species in a particular area • Communities – all the different populations that live together in an area • Ecosystems – the community of organisms that live in a particular area, along with their nonliving surroundings.

  6. In other words: • The smallest level of organization is a single organism, which belongs to a population that includes other members of its species. The population belongs to a community of different species. The community and abiotic factors form an ecosystem.

  7. And, finally • Ecology – the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environments.

  8. Please complete: • Section 1 assessment in your notes, 1abc, 2abc, 3abc • I will check it at the start of our next science period.

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