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Referencing

Referencing. Dr K Lakshman FRCS Consultant Surgeon klakshman58@gmail.com. Plan for the talk. What is a reference? Why use references? How and where to use references? What if we do not use references? What are the e-tools for references?. 1. What is a reference?.

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Referencing

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  1. Referencing Dr K Lakshman FRCS Consultant Surgeon klakshman58@gmail.com

  2. Plan for the talk • What is a reference? • Why use references? • How and where to use references? • What if we do not use references? • What are the e-tools for references?

  3. 1. What is a reference? “Something (such as a sign or indication) that refers a reader or consulter to another source of information (such as a book or passage)” Merriam - Webster Dictionary

  4. What is a reference? “Scientific citation is providing detailed reference in a scientific publication, typically a paper or book, to previous published (or occasionally private) communications which have a bearing on the subject of the new publication.” Wikepedia

  5. 2. Why do we use references? Plagiarism Plagiarism Plagiarism

  6. What is plagiarism? “Plagiarism is the portrayal, claiming or use of another person’s work or ideas (sentence, thought, paragraph, intellectual property, data, drawings or images) without specific reference. In the academic world this is considered to be theft. It is dishonest and irresponsible and will result in serious consequences.” https://michener.ca/students/library/referencing-writing-help/

  7. Types of plagiarism Plagiarism of text Mosaic Plagiarism Plagiarism of Ideas Self Plagiarism

  8. Types of plagiarism Unintentional Lack of knowledge of referencing Intentional Mohammed RAA, J TaibahUniv Med Sci, 2014

  9. Why do we use references? • Ethical to acknowledge others’ work • Legal requirement • Protect you against allegations • Reflect your reading effort • Develop sequence of events / parallel opinions • Shortening the paper Taylor, Emer Med, 2002 https://michener.ca/students/library/referencing-writing-help /

  10. What does not need referencing? • Common knowledge • Smoking is harmful to health • Population of India is 1.3 billion • Standard text book material • HIV patients are prone to infections • Pasteur, was a French Microbiologist If in doubt, ASK! https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/ 2009

  11. 3. How do we reference? Citation (In Text) Reference List Foot Notes

  12. Referencing Quoting Paraphrasing Generally Recommended Definitions Shows up your skills Essential statements Be liberal with referencing

  13. Please note • References are an essential part of your paper • It may be rejected if format is not correct • Note punctuations • Note where the brackets are • Avoid referencing abstracts • Avoid personal communications • Check for number of references allowed Taylor, Emer Med, 2002

  14. Styles of reference Harvard Style ABNT Style AMA Style APA Style Chicago: Author-Date Style Chicago: Humanities Style Harvard: Australian Style Harvard: Author-Date Style MLA Style Vancouver/ICMJE Style Citing EBSCO eBooks Citing Images Late 19th Century Books Vancouver Style 1978 Journals https://connect.ebsco.com/s/article/Where-can-I-find-formatted-examples-of-different-Citation-styles?language=en_US

  15. Anatomy of a reference Author Date Title Retrieval information Ref List Citation (H)* Vancouver– Num Vol Pp Title No Authour Date

  16. Reference specs varies with the work being referenced • Book - Print • Book - online / electronic • Book - Chapter • Journal article • Conference proceedings – individual • Webpage / Website • Lecture / Presentation • Image • Report • Map

  17. Citation – Authour name, year Ref list – alphabetical order

  18. Example - Harvard Citation (In Text) https://www.otago.ac.nz/library/pdf/Harvard_referencing.pdf

  19. Example – Harvard – reference List Alphabetical order First author surname

  20. Example – Harvard – Book - Print

  21. Example – Harvard – Book - Online

  22. Example – Harvard – Journal article

  23. Example – Harvard - Webpage

  24. Citation – Numbered – order of 1st appearance Ref list – Numbered - ascending order

  25. Example - Vancouver - Citation Personal Communication https://michener.ca/students/library/referencing-writing-help/vancouverstyle/

  26. Example – Vancouver - Reference list

  27. Example – Vancouver – Print Book

  28. Example – Vancouver – E-Book

  29. Example – Vancouver – Journal article

  30. Example – Vancouver - Webpage

  31. Reference Vs Bibliography Bibliography is a list of work you have studied but not cited in the work Listed like Reference list Separate list provided for Bibliography https://www.otago.ac.nz/library/pdf/Harvard_referencing.pdf

  32. 4. What if we do not acknowledge references? • Plagiarism is theft / misconduct!! • It is unethical • Loss of reputation • Retraction of article • May lead to demotion • May lead to suspension / expulsion • May lead to fines • May lead to prison sentence. Mohammed RAA, J TaibahUniv Med Sci, 2014 Das N, PerspClin Res, 2011 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism

  33. 5. e-tools for references

  34. Citation Managers • Help you manage citations • Paid and free versions available • Google search – 12 free managers! • Popular ones • Zotero • Mendeley • End note Collect, Organise and retrieve metadata and links Interface with web for direct PDF and webpage download Interface with word processors to give correct version of citation Addons for requirement of different journals https://researchguides.ben.edu/citation-manager

  35. Zotero Firefox Connector

  36. Collection References

  37. Metadata

  38. Right click on item in collection

  39. Screen grab of Google doc Ready Citation imported from Zotero

  40. Plagiarism checkers • Online tools that cross check your document with existing work • Regularly used by all journals • Easily picks up copied content • Heavy penalty imposed if found guilty • Should be used on theses in universities !

  41. https://www.duplichecker.com

  42. https://www.duplichecker.com

  43. https://smallseotools.com/plagiarism-checker/

  44. https://www.prepostseo.com/plagiarism-checker https://www.prepostseo.com/plagiarism-checker

  45. https://www.prepostseo.com/plagiarism-checker

  46. Proof reading tools • Help with grammar in your document • Check spellings • Punctuations too! • Lengthy sentences • Repetitive/overused words • MS Word or google doc • Grammarly • Style writer • White smoke

  47. Thank You

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