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Map Link: Italy at the Beginning of the Renaissance :

constitutional oligarchies despotisms. Map Link: Italy at the Beginning of the Renaissance : < http:// www.historyandcivilization.com / Italy_at_the_Beginning _of_the_Renaissance.jpg > Map Link: Europe during the 15th Century: < http:// www.lib.utexas.edu /maps/historical/ europe_15th_

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Map Link: Italy at the Beginning of the Renaissance :

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  1. constitutional oligarchies • despotisms Map Link: Italy at the Beginning of the Renaissance: <http://www.historyandcivilization.com/Italy_at_the_Beginning _of_the_Renaissance.jpg> Map Link: Europe during the 15th Century: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/europe_15th_ colbeck.jpg>

  2. Signoria (Council of 9 Guildsmen), incl. “Standard Bearer of Justice” 1283 Merchants of Florence exclude nobles from public office 1402 Florentines defeat Duke of Milan Cosimo de’ Medici (1389-1464) Albizzi

  3. Fall 1434 Pro-Medici signoria elected. Albizzi and supporters exiled Building power Patronage: MarsilioFicino (1433-99) Donatello (c. 1386-1466) Cicero (106-43 BC)

  4. Piero “the Gouty” (1416-69) Lorenzo the Magnificent (1449-92) Patronage, e.g. Michelangelo (1475-1564) Sandro Botticelli (1444-1510)

  5. Pope Sixtus IV (p. 1471-84) Volterra alum 26th April 1478 Pazzi attempt to kill Lorenzo at Cathedral of Florence excommunication interdict Council of Seventy

  6. Why was Italy (and particularly Florence) the cradle of the Renaissance?

  7. Humanism: Attempt to understand world and human condition through Classical tradition Imitating example of the Classical past, to learn art of civilised living Rejecting medieval scholasticism. Concern with applied wisdom

  8. Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) The Divine Comedy (1321) Inferno Purgatorio Paradiso 1290s Involved in politics 1302 Exiled from Florence

  9. Francesco Petrarch (1304-74) Poet and promoter of Latin texts Advocate of study original Classical Latin Seeker of forgotten Latin texts

  10. Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-75) Writer and diplomat Advocate of study of Classical Greek Decameron (completed 1358)

  11. IsottaNogarola of Verona(1418-66) “Why then was I born a woman, to be scorned by men in words and deeds?” Guarino da Verona: Set your gender aside and create “a man within the woman.”

  12. 1450s Isotta corresponds with LudovicoFoscarini, leading to… Dialogue on Adam and Eve Oration on the Life of St Jerome LauroQuirinipraised her for overcoming her “own nature. For that true virtue, which is essentially male, you have sought with singular zeal.”

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