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Digital Still Camera

Digital Still Camera. How to take a picture with proper exposure?. The Sunlight hits the object A Object reflects the light. The point is that what you take a picture with Camera has to be shown the same picture brightness with what you see on your eyes (Human eyes).

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Digital Still Camera

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  1. Digital Still Camera How to take a picture with proper exposure? The Sunlight hits the object A Object reflects the light. The point is that what you take a picture with Camera has to be shown the same picture brightness with what you see on your eyes (Human eyes). But, there are various shooting condition and object to be taken with camera, proper exposure value is different. Needless to mention, but, our human eyes are so capable, so, it is automatically adjusted without your recognition to see the object with proper exposure.

  2. Digital Still Camera Ideal Exposure of the Object (In General) EV1 – 4 :Night view ……………………………………..…. – 40 Lux EV3 – 4 :Candle light EV5 – 6 :Room in the home (At night) ………………....80 – 160 Lux EV6 – 7 :Bright Night view………………………..…...160 – 320 Lux EV7 – 8 :Bright Shops ………………………………....320 – 640 Lux EV8 – 9 :Bright Room …………………………….....640 – 1,300 Lux EV11 – 12 :Cloudy (Daytime) …………………....5,100 – 10,000 Lux EV12 – 13 :Shade (Daytime) ……………………10,000 – 20,000 Lux EV14 – 15 :Sunny day (Daytime) ……………….41,000 – 82,000 Lux EV16 :Sunny day (Daytime in Summer)…………….160,000 Lux EV17 :Snow-covered Mountain(Daytime)…………..330,000 Lux EV17 – 18 :The SUN (At Noon)……………… 330,000 – 660,000 Lux A camera has to be respond to these wide range of Different Exposure. [1]. Aperture (Size of IRIS) [2]. Shutter speed (exposure time)

  3. Digital Still Camera EV = AV + TV EV:(Exposure Value) AV:(Aperture Value) TV :(Time Value) Let’s take a picture which shows object brightness = EV12, with F4.0 Aperture. *F4.0 = AV 4 *EV12 – AV4= TV8 *TV8 = 1/250 sec. F4.0 CCD Image sensor 1/250sec

  4. Digital Still Camera EV = AV + TV EV:(Exposure Value) AV:(Aperture Value) TV :(Time Value) Let’s take a picture which shows object brightness = EV12. F2.8 & 1/500sec = EV12 F5.6 & 1/125sec = EV12 F4.0 & 1/250sec = EV12 F8.0 & 1/60 sec = EV12 Above all pictures are proper Exposure (Picture brightness are the same) . Different in Appearance Scene Mode

  5. Digital Still Camera Fully opened Small F-Number 1/500sec Aperture 1/250sec F5.6 F4.0 1/125sec Closed (Minimum) Large F-Number 1/60sec F8.0 F2.8 [DEPTH OF FIELD] The following Pictures have same picture brightness. But, different in expression / appearance. The Widest aperture (Smallest f-number) gives least depth of field. Shallow Depth-of-Field (Portrait) Depth of field is the distance between the nearest and furthest parts of the subject that can be imaged with acceptably sharp detail at one focus setting of the lens. Every thing appears in focus from foreground through to background. Deeper Depth-of-Field Smallest aperture (Highest f number) gives most depth of field.

  6. Digital Still Camera F4.0 F2.8 [SHUTTER SPEED] The following Pictures have same picture brightness. But, different in expression / appearance. Shutter Speed is high It can be stopped object motion. High Speed （Exposure time is short.） 1/500sec Exposure time is short. Exposure Time (Time Value) 1/250sec F5.6 1/125sec Low Speed （Exposure time is long.） Shutter Speed is Slow. Soft image can be made. 1/60sec F8.0 Exposure time is long.

  7. Digital Still Camera DMC-FZ1 Exposure Program Diagram in each SCENE MODE

  8. Digital Still Camera DMC-FZ2 Exposure Program Diagram in each SCENE MODE1

  9. Digital Still Camera DMC-FZ2 Exposure Program Diagram in each SCENE MODE2 S-MODE

  10. Digital Still Camera DMC-FZ2 Exposure Program Diagram in each SCENE MODE3 A-MODE

  11. Digital Still Camera DMC-FZ1 Basic Concept in each SCENE MODE

  12. Digital Still Camera DMC-FZ1 DARKER SHOOTING CONDITION (When the F-Value is already reached to F2.8) [1].With Flash Operation shutter speed is longer when Flash is forced OFF. [2].With Flash & Exposure Compensation Operation <<Example>> With Exposure compensation setting, shutter speed can be controlled <<Example>> With Exposure compensation setting, shutter speed can be controlled

  13. Digital Still Camera DMC-FZ1 DARKER SHOOTING CONDITION (When the F-Value is already reached to F2.8) [3].With ISO AUTO Setting & Zoom Position: With ISO_AUTO setting, there is a upper side limitation of applying ISO value. With Exposure compensation setting, shutter speed can be controlled lower than 1/30 seconds, but, with ISO setting, the lowest shutter speed does not becomes lower than 1/30 seconds. [4]. ISO Manual Settings: <<Example>> <<Example>> With ISO setting, shutter speed can be controlled

  14. Digital Still Camera DMC-FZ1 FLASH DISTANCE & ISO (Relation between Flash Reaching distance & ISO Settings) Question.In Operating Instructions, Flash Reaching distance shows: (When ISO100 settings: Approx.30cm – 2.1m) Then, how about ISO200/ISO400, ISO50? Is there any difference??? GN of built-in Flash for DMC-FZ1 :GN6 Flash Reaching distance for ISO50: = (“GN for ISO100” x “1 / 2 ” ) / F Value = GN6 x 1 / 1.4142) / 2.8 = 1.5m Answer:ISO100 : Approx.30cm – 2.1m (ISO200/400 provides same distance of ISO100 setting.) ISO50 : Approx.30cm – 1.5m ISO 50 :Flash light reaching distances becomes shorter. ISO 100/200/400:Flash light reaching distance are the same. But, since ISO sensitivity (gain) is increased, EV value are improved, then, as a result higher shutter speed is applied if lighting becomes enough. (Becomes brighter / noisy) Out of distance Becomes yellowish/reddish images.

  15. Digital Still Camera Hand jitter occurs when shutter speed becomes: 1/focal length > shutter speed Lens (12X) :(35mm EQUIV.)35 – 420mm [WIDE] [TELE] 1/35mm: 1/35sec. 1/420mm : 1/420sec DMC-FZ1 HAND-JITTER ALERT INDICATION When the shutter speed is less than 1/30 sec. Jitter alert is indicated on LCD/EVF. O.I.S. :OFF When the Shutter speed is Slower than 1/420 sec. Jitter alert is indicated on LCD/EVF. O.I.S. :ON MODE (1/4 improved) When the Shutter speed is Slower than 1/105 sec. Jitter alert is indicated on LCD/EVF. Note: In slower shutter speeds than 1/125 of a second and when the zoom lever is close to T the OIS is less effective. With Panning mode, O.I.S. is less effective.

  16. Digital Still Camera Zoom position W/O ND Zoom position W/I ND DMC-F1 Exposure Program Diagram (1).The Exposure Diagram is common in each scene mode. (2).In accordance with object brightness, F_value is only controlled by; (a).ND filter & (b).Zoom position. (a). ND filter switches F value: * Fully Wide side : F2.8 (w/o ND filter) / F8.0 (w/i ND filter) * Fully Tele side : F4.9 (w/o ND filter) / F14.0 (w/i ND filter) (b).Zoom position: In each zoom position, only two F values are covered in wide range of object brightness. F_value is changed only related with Zoom position. (3).There are no F_value position of over than F4.9 and lower than F8.0.

  17. Digital Still Camera DMC-F1 Basic Concept in each SCENE MODE

  18. Digital Still Camera DMC-FZ1/F1 LIGHT METERING Spot (Spot Mode) Intelligent Multiple

  19. Digital Still Camera DMC-FZ1 FOCUSING (Range & Area) Focus Range: *Simple / Macro………………………………….….:W : 5cm ～ ∞ / T : 100cm～∞ *Normal / Portrait / Sports / Panning / Night Portrait : W : 30cm ～ ∞ / T : 100cm～∞

  20. Digital Still Camera Sample picture : Night portrait DMC-F1 Aperture:F4.3, Shutter peed:8sec DMC-FZ1 Aperture:F6.5, Shutter peed:8sec DMC-F1 Aperture:F4.9, Shutter peed:8sec

  21. Digital Still Camera

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