Baroque

1. Baroque (1600-1700) If it ain’t Baroque, don’t fix it

2. Definition www.artlex.com • Baroque - The art style or movement of the Counter-Reformation in the seventeenth century. Although some features appear in Dutch art, the Baroque style was limited mainly to Catholic countries. It is a style in which painters, sculptors, and architects sought emotion, movement, and variety in their works.

3. Introduction Handout • Summarize each paragraph • PERSIA- write a letter for each paragraph • This will actually be graded under classwork, because I have good TAs now!

4. Key Ideas - Culture Counter-Reformation symbolized the Catholic resurgence finds a voice in Baroque art. Painting comes in different forms: genre, landscape, still lives. Architecture associated with grand royal courts of Europe. Begins in Rome, towards end FRANCE becomes center for art.

5. The Low Down – Art • Combined the accuracy of the Renaissance with the emotions of Mannerism • Tenebrism was all the rage • More individualistic style • Artists see art as liberal vs. manual • Compositional Elements • Open compositions • Diagonal lines • Strong Contrasts

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7. Italian Baroque (1590-1680) • Baroque style began in Rome • Religion • Artist • Caravaggio • Tenebrism • Sculptor • Bernini • Architect • Borromini

8. Tenebrism www.artlex.com • tenebrosoortenebrism - Tenebroso is an Italian word, literally meaning dark and gloomy. Both tenebroso and its English equivalent, tenebrism, refer to a style of painting characterized by high contrast between light and shade -- emphasis placed on chiaroscuro to achieve dark, dramatic effects.

9. Tenebrism cont. Frequently the main subjects of tenebrist pictures are illuminated by a single source of light, as if a spotlight shone upon them, leaving other areas in darkness. Such pictures have been called "night pictures" painted in the "dark manner." The most reknownedtenebrists have been "Caravaggio"(Italian, 1571/73-1610), Georges De La Tour (French, 1593-1652), and Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606-1669).

10. Caravaggio • Father of Tenebrism (chiaroscuro) • Befriended the lower-class • Hot-headed • Ran from the law often • Painted with a new sense of realism and dynamic force • Painted as if the people were bring observed close up

11. Entombments Renaissance: Mannerism Baroque: Tenebrism Caravaggio Pontormo

12. Caravaggio. The Calling of St. Matthew. 1599-1600. Oil on canvas. 10’7-1/2” x 11’2”

13. Calling of Saint Matthew video • https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/baroque-italy/v/caravaggio-s-calling-of-st-matthew-c-1599-1600 • 6 min. • class quiz

15. Bernini Man of many trades Architect and sculptor Son of a sculptor Served the church under 8 popes

16. Bernini. David 1623. Marble, 5’7”. Roman Galleria

17. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/baroque-italy/v/bernini-david-1623-24https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/baroque-italy/v/bernini-david-1623-24 4 min Class Quiz

18. Donatello, Early Renaissance Michelangelo, High Renaissance Bernini, Baroque

19. Bernini. The Ecstasy of St. Theresa. 1645-52. Cornaro Chapel, Rome. Marble.

20. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/baroque-italy/v/bernini-ecstasy-of-st-theresahttps://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/baroque-italy/v/bernini-ecstasy-of-st-theresa • 7 min • Class quiz

21. Beside me, on the left, appeared an angel in bodily form.... He was not tall but short, and very beautiful; and his face was so aflame that he appeared to be one of the highest rank of angels, who seem to be all on fire.... In his hands I saw a great golden spear, and at the iron tip there appeared to be a point of fire. This he plunged into my heart several times so that it penetrated to my entrails. When he pulled it out I felt that he took them with it, and left me utterly consumed by the great love of God. The pain was so severe that it made me utter several moans. The sweetness caused by this intense pain is so extreme that one cannot possibly wish it to cease, nor is one's soul content with anything but God. This is not a physical but a spiritual pain, though the body has some share in it—even a considerable share.

23. San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome.

24. Turn to a partner and discuss what you see that looks different from previous architecture we have covered.

25. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/baroque-italy/v/francesco-borromini-san-carlo-1638-1646https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/baroque-italy/v/francesco-borromini-san-carlo-1638-1646 • 7 min.

26. Flemish, Dutch, Spanish, and French Baroque

27. Flemish Baroque (1600-40) • Southern Netherlands • Belgium • Catholicism - Altarpieces • Peter Paul Rubens • Over 2,000 paintings • Large female nudes • Religion • Van Dyck • Portraiture

28. Peter Paul Rubens • Worked in favor of the Counter-Reformation • Created large-scale figures • Used Carvaggio’s tenebrism to enhance his work

29. Peter Paul Rubens. The Raising of the Cross. Belgium. 1610-11. Oil on canvas. 15’2” x 11’2”

31. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/flanders-1/v/rubens-elevationhttps://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/flanders-1/v/rubens-elevation • 9 min.

32. Handout • annotate • summarize each paragraph • highlight/ underline • blah blahblah

33. What do you think is happening in this painting?

34. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/flanders-1/v/rubens-mariehttps://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/flanders-1/v/rubens-marie • 5 min.

35. Handout • annotate • summarize each paragraph • highlight/ underline • blah blahblah

36. Van Dyck. Charles I at the Hunt.1635.

37. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/flanders-1/v/van-dyck-charles-ihttps://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/flanders-1/v/van-dyck-charles-i • 5 min.

38. Reminder quiz on chapters 24 & 25 Friday. • Open notes (no cell phones)

39. Dutch Baroque (1630-70) • Northern Netherlands • Holland • Protestant, few religious works • Still lives • Genre scenes • Vermeer • Portraits • Rembrandt

40. Rembrandt • Married into a family with an art dealer and quickly made connections • The most important painter working in Amsterdam in the 17thcentury. • Loses much of his earnings over the years • Begins IMPASTO painting – thickening of the paint

41. Rembrandt van Rijn self-portraits

42. Rembrandt, Self Portrait with Saskia

43. Handout • annotate • summarize each paragraph • highlight/ underline • blah blahblah

44. Video on Etching Process • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHxF6puMpts • 10 min.

45. Rembrandt, The Jewish Bride

46. Interpretation of The Jewish Bride • Completed during his last years. • Exemplifies the artist's genius for expressing human emotion on canvas • The painting acquired its current name during the early 19th century, when a Dutch art dealer described the subject as that of a Jewish father giving a necklace to his daughter on her wedding day. • Today, while the identities of the two people remain obscure, most art historians believe them to be Isaac and his wife Rebecca from the Old Testament.

47. Whether or not he intended it as a straightforward piece of Biblical art, there is no doubt however, that Rembrandt was depicting an intimate relationship between his two subjects. The man places his hand on the woman's bosom, while she moves instinctively to protect her modesty. Yet both show every sign of tenderness towards each other, so this is hardly a typical seduction scene.

48. Despite the romance and love, however, this is not an entirely happy picture. Perhaps because Rembrandt himself was experiencing a certain physical strain in his work and life. Isaac has quite modest expectations in his eyes, as if he is uncertain what the future holds, while Rebecca appears thoughtful, almost distracted. In short, this is a masterclass in psychological portraiture, and is yet another reminder why Rembrandt is considered by many to rank among the best portrait artists, and is probably one of the best artists of all time.

49. Leyster, Self-Portrait 1635. Oil on canvas.

50. Name means “guide star,” but the artist was a star in her hometown. • She was only 19 when her artwork started to be noticed • In Holland, as in the rest of Europe, professional women painters were indeed uncommon. Leyster was one of only two women accepted as a master in Haarlem’s painters’ guild during the entire 17th century.