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Understanding Fundamental Networking Concepts in Computer Science

This lecture explores the essential elements of computer networks, including how computers communicate to share resources like hardware, software, and data. Key topics include the role of network cards and routers, the encoding of binary data, interaction with protocols like HTTP, and the dynamic relationship between clients and servers. We also examine the advantages of networking, such as resource sharing and improved communication, as well as challenges like security threats and privacy concerns. Learn how to protect your privacy and navigate the complexities of online interactions.

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Understanding Fundamental Networking Concepts in Computer Science

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  1. The Internet COSC-100 (Elements of Computer Science) Prof. Juola

  2. Basic Concepts • Networks -- computers communicating with each other • Enables sharing of hardware, software, and data • Network card (peripheral) connects to other computers, possibly through series of intermediaries (routers, etc.)

  3. Technical issues • Binary data (1/0) encoded as sound for “modem” • Alternatively, use cable modem, DSL, wireless, etc. • Several problems • Many computers, one peripheral • Many programs, one computer • What do ones and zeros mean, anyway

  4. Finding the target • Most computers are hooked to “routers” • Routers are like telephone switches and direct the bits around. • Computers have several “addresses • Mine : • MAC address • IP address (165.190.169.24) • Name (shannon.mathcomp.duq.edu)

  5. Finding programs • Data is delivered to computers in “packets”, addressed by IP address and “port” • “Port” controls what program actually gets the data. • Examples • SSH is port 22 • Mail is port 25 • Web is port 80

  6. Protocols • Meaning established by protocols; each side of the conversation has a script Knock Knock Who’s there? Theseus Theseus who? Theseus a simple example of a protocol

  7. Client/Server Computing • Server provides “service” to the universe at large (e.g. http server, mail server) • “Client” programs can connect and request service. • Sample clients • Web browsers (IE, Netscape, Mozilla) • Mail clients (Eudora, Pine) • Games (MMORPGs, Quake, Doom)

  8. Sample protocol (http) • Hyper Text Transfer Protocol • Client program reads address bar • Looks up machine name • Requests file from server machine • May re-request if data times out or if other data (e.g. animations, pictures) needed

  9. Networking advantages • Shared resources. One db, many users • Convenient communications • Less intrusive than telephone • Allows time-shifting • Better access (see on-line libraries)

  10. Problems • Reliability • Security • Privacy • Humanity

  11. Email Problems • Machine failures • Overwhelming • Unsolicited (spam) • Privacy threat • Forgery • Can be (often is) ignored • Dehumanizing

  12. Protecting yourself • Protect your privacy (identity theft, password theft) • Cross-check what you see on-line • Limit time on-line • Avoid information overload • Most importantly, be aware

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