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Organic Chemistry

Learn the fundamentals of organic chemistry, including characteristics of organic molecules, isomerism, compound naming, and reactions of hydrocarbons. Organic compounds defined by carbon and hydrogen, with a vast range of properties. Practice with paraffins, olefins, and heterocyclics. Dive into aliphatics, alicyclics, and aromatics to understand their unique structures. Discover the significance of oxygenated compounds like alcohols, ketones, and acids. Explore reactions like combustion and substitution.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry Low Melting Points Low Boiling Points At high Temperatures they Decompose = “CRACK” Most are not water soluble….. Some have large Numbers of atoms

  2. Organic Molecules • 95% of all compounds are defined as “Organic” • There are roughly one million known compounds • For a large part all contain Carbon and Hydrogen • Carbon Atom Characteristics • Valence = +/- 4 • Bonding • Covalent • Paraffins (Also known as Alkanes or Saturated Hydrocarbons. No Double bonds between any Carbons Compound Formula = CnH2n+2 Want to Practice? • Olefins (Also known as Alkenes , Alkynes or Unsaturated hydrocarbons. Rarely occur in nature. Contain Double or triple bonds. Not as strong as Alkanes. • Naming of Compounds

  3. Organic Molecules Con’t • Isomerism (Isomers) • Organic Molecules that have the same formulas but a differing arrangement of the atoms involved. So……even though they have the same formula ….they have different properties Whether the compounds are Saturated or Unsaturated they are called “Aliphatic Compounds” because they are either straight or branched Hydrocarbons. Isomers of Butane Animation of Isomerism

  4. Alicyclics • Cyclic Hydro Carbon Groups – two fewer hydrogens. “Cyclo…..ane” = no Double or Triple bonds. “Napthenes” • Aromatics- lack one hydrogen on each Carbon atom. Promotes double bond every other Carbon in the ring. Symetric so…no isomers • Benzene = main building block for petro industry • “Aromatic” because of the sickening Sweet smell of these compounds. Toulene and Xylene

  5. Hetrocyclics • Ring with one carbon substituted by another element. Very popular in Petrochemicals • Ethylene Oxide • Caprolactam • Oxygenated Compounds • Alcohols -OH Group attached • Ketones • Aldehydes • Acids • Ethers • Anhydrides

  6. Reactions of hydrocarbons • Combustion • Substitution

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