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High and Late Middle Ages. 1050-1450. Where it begins…. Feudalism is the way of life Church & Nobles have a great deal of the power Monarchs will attempt to take power back. Who’s Next. King Edward dies Harold vs. Duke William Duke has Pope’s support Invasion of England.
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Presentation Transcript
High and Late Middle Ages
1050-1450
Where it begins…
- Feudalism is the way of life
- Church & Nobles have a great deal of the power
- Monarchs will attempt to take power back
Who’s Next
- King Edward dies
- Harold vs. Duke William
- Duke has Pope’s support
- Invasion of England
William The Conqueror
- Monitors Castles
- Allegiance of Vassals
- Census- Domesday
- Had to follow Customs
- Jury System
- William vs. Church
- Thomas Beckett- Archbishop of Canterbury
- Trend?
King John
- Son of Henry
- Faced Phillip II of France, Pope Innocent III, and his own nobles
- Lost to Phillip, Lost Anjou & Normandy
- Lost to Pope- excommunicated
- Lost to Nobles- Magna Carta
Magna Carta
- Rebellious Barons
- Affirmed Feudal Rights
- Legal rights- People/Church
- Due Process & Habeas Corpus
- Monarchy must obey law
- Council before taxation
Parliament
- Evolved from councils
- Unified England, How?
- House of Nobles & House of Commons
- Check’s who?
Successful Monarchy of France
- 987- Capetians take throne
- Unbroken for 300 years
- Effective Bureacracy
- Taxes & Law
- Gained Middle class backing
Phillip II
- Granted Charters
- Standing Army
- National Tax
- Gained English lands in Anjou & Normandy
- At time of death, most powerful ruler
Philip IV
- Ruthlessly extends royal power
- Attempts taxes from clergy
- Ignored rules and arrested clergy that did not pay
- Clashed with Boniface VIII
- Sends troops to seize Pope- dies
- Papalcy moved to Avignon France- why?
Louis IX
- King & Saint
- Justice & Chivalry
- 2 Wars against Muslims, persecuted Jews & Heretics
- Royal Courts
- Officials to check on officials
- Outlawed private wars-ends serfdom- significance?
Estates General
- Reps from 3 classes- clergy, nobles, townspeople
- Difference from Parliament?
Holy Roman Empire
- After death what happened?
- Duke Otto I - King of Germany
- What is Germany?
- Central & eastern Europe, parts of France & Italy
- Bishops appointed to government
- Helps Pope against rebellious nobles
- Crowned- HRE
- Emperors chose bishops, issue?
Pope vs. HRE
- Pope Gregory VII
- Wants to separate from secular rulers
- Banned Lay Investiture
- Emperor Henry IV
- Henry is exiled, Forgiven before new HRE
- Henry invades Rome, exiles Pope
- 1122- Concordat of Worms- Church picks Bishops
Struggle for Italy
- Frederick Barbarossa- tried for Northern Italy, defeated by the pope and Lombard League
- Fredrick II- Clashed with Popes
- HRE- fragmented in feudal states
- Southern Italy & Sicily- upheaval
- Spain, France, & Pope try to gain influence
Height of Church Power
- Innocent III - Claimed Papal Supremacy
- Launched Crusade against French that wanted to purify church
- Monarchs begin to centralize power, clash over clergy taxation
- Phillip- helps get Pope elected, power of papacy declines
